无火焰原子吸收法测定岩矿及煤——金聚团中Pt和Pd

采用Ｃ４１０哌啶树脂分离除去溶液中的贱金属元素,痕量贵金属Ｐｔ和Ｐｄ被定量吸附,交换最佳酸度为０．５－１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ介质,树脂的Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ用３％硫脲－０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ热溶液定量脱脱。本法可用于岩矿和煤－金聚团（ＣＧＡ）焙灰中基本元素的分离,测定痕量Ｐｔ和Ｐｄ。     

N─苯甲酰苯基羟胺／吡啶偶氮染料配体交换反应萃取分光光度法测定固体废物浸出液中的微量钒

在强酸性介质中，ＶＯ３与Ｎ－苯甲酰苯基羟胺（ＢＰＨＡ）反应生成紫红色络合物，能定量地被ＣＨＣＬ３萃取．萃取液加入２－（５－溴－２－吡啶偶氮）－５－二乙氨基酚（５—Ｂｒ—ＰＡＤＡＰ）后可发生配体交换反应，并生成橙红色的Ｖ（Ｖ）－５—Ｂｒ—ＰＡＤＡＰ络合物，有机相可直接用于光度测定．Ｖ（Ｖ）－５—Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ的最大吸收波长为６００ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数为５．４Ｘ１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，线性范围为０～０．７６μｇｖ／ｗｌ。     

5－Cl－PADAB－SDS分光光度法连续测定血清及废水中的铜和铁

在十二烷基硫酸钠，氟化钠和盐酸羟胺存在下，ＰＨ＝５．２～７醋酸－醋酸钠缓冲溶液中，Ｃｕ（Ⅱ），Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）分别与５－ＣＩ－ＰＡＤＡＢ形成紫红色络合物。选择测定波长为５３０ｎｍ，铜和铁的摩尔吸光系数分别为５２×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，６０×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·Ｃｍ－１．铜和铁分别在０～１２ｕｇ／１０ｍｌ和０～１０ｕｇ／１０ｍ１范围内符合比尔定律。选用了硫代硫酸钠－硫脲褪色液和ＥＤＴＡ掩蔽剂，直接用于血清及水中铜和铁的连续测定，结果满意。     

meso-四(3-氯-4-甲氧基苯基)卟啉二阶导数分光光度法测定废水中痕量汞(Ⅱ)

本文基于Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）ｍｅｓｏ四（３氯４甲氧基苯基）卟啉（Ｔ（３Ｃｌ４ＭＯＰ）Ｐ）Ｔｗｅｎ８０显色体系,提出一种高灵敏度二阶导数分光光度法测定工业废水中的痕量汞（Ⅱ）,研究了汞配合物的形成条件。在ｐＨ７２～７９的中性介质中和Ｔｗｅｅｎ８０的存在下,沸水浴加热６ｍｉｎ,反应进行完全。汞（Ⅱ）量在１８～１０４μｇ／Ｌ范围内符合比尔定律,二阶导数分光光度法测定汞（Ⅱ）的表观摩尔吸光系数ε４５２６,４６１６＝９８８×１０６Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１ｃｍ－１,检出限为１８ｎｇ／ｍｌ。方法用于工业废水中痕量Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）的测定,结果满意。     

4—（H—酸偶氮）—1—苯基—3—甲基吡唑酮光度法测定铜的研究及应用

合成了新试剂４－（Ｈ－酸偶氮）１－苯基－３－甲基吡唑酮（ＨＰＭＰ），研究了其和铜的显色反应。在ｐＨ＝７的ＮＨ４Ａｃ缓冲介质中，ＣＴＭＡＢ存在下，ＨＰＭＰ与Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）生成２∶１紫色络合物，λｍａｘ＝５８０ｎｍ，ε＝５．６８×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。铜含量在０～０．６ｍｇ／Ｌ内符合比耳定律。方法用于水样和生物样品中铜的测定，结果令人满意。     

高压蒸汽消化法测定废水化学需氧量的再研究

用＂自控式高压蒸汽消解器＂作为高压蒸汽消化法测定废水化学需氧量的消化装置，详细研究了消化条件，最后确定，消化体系中（１／６）Ｋ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ７浓度为０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｈ２ＳＯ４浓度为１０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，催化剂Ａｇ＋浓度为０．０３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，消化温度为１３０℃，恒温时间为２０ｍｉｎ。用此方法和条件测定了１２种单纯有机化合物和１６种不同工业废水的化学需氧量，与标准回流法相比，相对误差在－５．５－６．０％之间。     

Cr(VI)-DBAV-TritonX-100析相光度法测定微量铬(VI)的研究

研究了Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）ＤＢＡＶＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ１００析相显色体系,建立测定微量铬（ＶＩ）的析相光度法。在ｐＨ４５的乙酸—乙酸钠介质中,Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）、ＤＢＡＶ、ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ１００加热形成配合物,于９５℃恒温水浴中加热析相１ｈ,即被ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ１００相完全富集,最大吸收峰为５５６ｎｍ,铬（ＶＩ）含量在０～４μｇ／５ｍｌ服从比耳定律,采用７３２阳离子交换树脂分离干扰离子,测定水样中微量铬（ＶＩ）,结果满意。     

气相色谱法测定苯甲醛

气相色谱法测定苯甲醛宋文波周旌赵青（河北省环境监测中心站，石家庄０５００５１）使用ＳＰ２３０８气相色谱仪，２ｍ不锈钢柱内填５％ＰＥＧ６０００／６２０１，检测器ＦＩＤ，柱温１７０℃，汽化室、检测室１９０℃，Ｎ２３０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，Ｈ２５５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，Ａ...     

锌、铝的激光-时间分辨荧光测定

本文报道了以７碘８羟基喹啉５磺酸作荧光增强剂的Ｚｎ、Ａｌ激光时间分辨荧光测定方法。方法检出限分别为２５μｇ／Ｌ和１０μｇ／Ｌ。用牛肝粉标准品（ＮＢＳ１５７７ａ）进行了验证     

Bi（Ⅱ）──APDC共沉淀富集脱脂棉分离FAAS测定水中痕量Pb、Cd

Ｂｉ（Ⅱ）──ＡＰＤＣ共沉淀富集脱脂棉分离ＦＡＡＳ测定水中痕量Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ王林涛，杨玲（云南玉溪地区环境监测站，６５３１００）取加热浓缩至２０ｍｌ的水样，加入Ｂｉ（Ⅱ）（１００μｇ／ｍｌ）３ｍｌ、ＡＰＤＣ３ｍｌ，ＮａＯＡＣＨＯＡＣ缓冲液２ｍｌ，调ｐＨ至...     

Dissipation and residue of metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil

A simple and accurate method of determining metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil was developed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection. The limits of detection were 0.015 mg/kg for metalaxyl and 0.003 mg/kg for cymoxanil. The limits of quantification were 0.05 mg/kg for metalaxyl in pepper and soil as well as 0.01 mg/kg for cymoxanil in pepper and soil. Recoveries of pepper and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and ranged within 77.52 to 102.05 % for metalaxyl and 87.15 to 103.21 % for cymoxanil, with relative standard deviations below 9.30 %. For field experiments, the half-lives of metalaxyl were 3.2 to 3.9 days in pepper and 4.4 to 9.5 days in soil at the three experimental locations in China. At harvest, pepper samples were found to contain metalaxyl and cymoxanil well below the maximum residue limit MRLs of the European Union (EU) following the recommended dosage and the interval of 21 days after last application.     

Lake destratification and speciation of iron and manganese

A long-term study of the effect of artificial aeration (destratification) of a water storage dam upon the speciation of iron and manganese in the dam waters has been undertaken. Separation of dam samples into soluble and insoluble forms by selective membrane filtration was undertaken before using the techniques of EPR spectroscopy, ion chromatography and gel filtration to assess the speciation of soluble species, and selective extraction and surface analysis (ESCA, SIMS and SEM) techniques to determine the speciation of particulate iron and manganese species. The percentages of soluble iron and manganese before (1983–85) and after (1986–88) artificial aeration are compared for the periods Jan–Dec, Jan–Mar, and Jun–Aug at three depths 6 m, 15 m and 0.5 m above the dam base, to assess the importance of seasonal changes in the various depths of the dam. Although aeration had an initial marked reduction in levels of soluble iron and manganese at all depths of the dam, the concentrations of these mtals showed a steady increase over succeeding years. Analysis of the figures over summer and winter periods shows that the reduction of soluble iron was maintained in summer, but not during winter. Upon aeration, the initial reduction of soluble manganese concentration was maintained in succeeding years in the epilimnic regions of the dam, but not in the hypolimnion. Statistical analysis of data has been undertaken to correlate the changes in relationship between the various forms of iron and manganese with the advent of aeration.     

Variation of heavy metal and micro and macro element concentrations of bread and durum wheats and their relationship in grain of Turkish wheat cultivars

The 64 varieties displayed a large variation for all mineral elements, investigated Fe, Mn and Zn, ranging from 24.2 to 43.1 mg/kg, 27.6 to 64.8 mg/kg and 10.4 to 38.2 mg/kg, respectively. The mean Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S concentrations in wheat rain varieties amounted to 378, 4,266, 1,183, 317, 3,513 and 1,542 mg/kg, respectively. Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S contents of wheat varieties changed at the levels between 266 and 531 mg/kg, 3,029 and 5,566 mg/kg, 972 and 1,525 mg/kg, 277 and 368 mg/kg, 2,422 and 4,610 mg/kg and 1,241 to 2,052 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of Al, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn of durum wheat samples were found at high levels. The mean Al, Cr, Mo, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations in durum wheat varieties amounted to 10.93, 0.47, 0.72, 0.72, 5.37, 34.9, 37.28 and 20.88 mg/kg, respectively.     

土壤和河流沉积物中六六六和滴滴涕残留的测定

采用密闭微波提取、超声波提取、索氏提取对土壤和河流沉积物进行前处理,提取液经弗罗里硅土柱净化或浓硫酸净化.通过回收率实验和精密度实验对三种提取方法和两种净化方法进行比较,建立了微波提取土壤和河流沉积物中六六六和滴滴涕,浓硫酸净化,气相色谱一质谱测定的分析方法,方法回收率在84%～110%之间,精密度(RSD)在2.8%～9.9%之间.采用该方法对阜阳市废弃农药厂周围的土壤和河流沉积物中六六六和滴滴涕进行了监测.     

新疆室内环境污染监测和治理工作现状与建议

针对目前室内环境监测工作出现的种种问题，就如何规范的开展室内环境监测工作，更好地为社会提供真实、准确、有效的监测数据，本文提出相关的探讨。     

Residues and dissipation of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite in tomatoes and soil

A simple residue analytical method using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure for the determination of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid (CGA321113) in tomato and soil was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The limits of detection were 0.0005 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin and 0.001 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin acid, respectively. The average recoveries in tomato and soil ranged from 73–99 % for trifloxystrobin and 75–109 % for trifloxystrobin acid, with relative standard deviations below 15 %. The method was then used to study the dissipation and residues in tomato and soil. The dissipation half-lives of trifloxystrobin in tomato were 2.9 days (Beijing) and 5.4 days (Shandong), while in soil were 1.9 days (Beijing) and 3.0 days (Shandong), respectively. The final results showed that the major residue compound was trifloxystrobin in tomato whereas it was its metabolite, trifloxystrobin acid, in soil. The final residues of total trifloxystrobin (including trifloxystrobin acid) were below the EU maximum residue limit of 0.5 mg kg^?1 in tomato 3 days after the treatment.     

中国含铬废物的来源、区域分布和处理现状及监管建议

根据2010年全国污染源普查动态更新调查数据，全面分析了中国含铬废物的来源、区域分布和综合利用、处置、贮存等几种主要处理方式的现状，总结了中国含铬废物重点监管的行业和区域，为环境管理部门重点监管六价铬风险源提出了科学建议。     

水中石油类和动植物油类测定标准的探讨

对水中油类测定的新旧标准---《水质石油类和动植物油类的测定红外分光光度法》（ HJ 637-2012）和《水质石油类和动植物油类的测定红外分光光度法》（ GB/T 16488-1996）作比较，前者的内容中增加了总油的定义，修改了干燥剂的处理条件、样品体积的测量方法及萃取条件和萃取液脱水方式，删除了絮凝富集萃取的内容。试验证明，改进后的方法降低了检出限和空白干扰，样品体积测量更加准确。     

大气网格化监测运行维护管理现状与展望

"十三五"期间,大气网格化监测快速发展,为环境精细化管理提供了技术支撑。由于其相对于国家环境空气质量自动监测标准站具有设备小型化、无站房、点站数量大、运维人员技术水平偏低、管理人员少等特点,难以应用已有标准站运行维护管理机制。该文以北京市大气PM_(2.5)网格化监测工作为例,回顾了我国在大气网格化监测领域开展的工作与现状,重点介绍运用质量管理思维建立的运行维护管理体系。根据目前我国大气污染防治形势,"十四五"期间大气网格化监测可以从提升设备性能、加强检定与质量控制等方面提升数据质量,通过多指标联合质控与审核等完善运维体系,运用大数据技术唤醒海量数据价值等方面持续开展研究,支撑O_3和PM_(2.5)协同控制。     

洪泽湖富营养化和生态状况调查与评价

为了解洪泽湖水质状况，对2000年洪泽湖富营养化状态和生态特性的调查结果进行了分析，洪泽湖水中总磷、总氮和高锰酸盐指数年均值超《地表水环境质量标准》（GHZB1-1999）中Ⅱ类水标准，超标倍数分别为12倍、10倍和0.24倍；总磷、总氮、透明度年均值超湖库特定项目V类标准，洪泽湖处于中-富营养化状态。对洪泽湖生态特性分析表明，由于洪泽源独特的湖泊形态，“藻型浊水状态“和“泥沙型浊水状态“交替出现，遏制了湖水从高营养盐含量向全面富营养化状态演变，保证了底栖动物的良好生长环境，从而形成了洪泽湖独特的环境生态平衡状态。