基于餐厨垃圾的多基质协同厌氧发酵产气研究进展

随着经济的快速发展,餐厨垃圾的产生量日益增大,如何有效处理餐厨垃圾已成为一个亟待解决的问题。与传统的餐厨垃圾处理方式相比,餐厨垃圾与其它生活垃圾的协同厌氧发酵技术是一种较为理想的处理技术,可以实现餐厨垃圾的稳定化、无害化、资源化处置。针对餐厨垃圾的协同厌氧发酵技术进行文献的归纳和分析,重点介绍了餐厨垃圾等基质的协同厌氧发酵产气的现状、影响因素及产气预测方法,并展望了餐厨垃圾协同厌氧发酵技术的研究方向与应用。     

餐厨垃圾管理的现状、问题及对策

针对我国餐厨垃圾产生量大、产生面广,餐厨垃圾含水率高、有机质含量高、容易污染环境的特点,分析研究了我国餐厨垃圾的产生现状、处理技术和工程概况,指出了当前我国餐厨垃圾管理中存在的主要问题,并提出了有关对策。     

二次指数平滑法的成都市餐厨垃圾产量预测

餐厨垃圾的产生量直接影响其处理规模,指数平滑法是对于缺乏基础数据的模型预测的一种有效方法。本文以2001～2009年成都市餐厨垃圾产量数据为基础,运用二次指数平滑预测法对成都市餐厨垃圾产量进行预测,预测结果显示2010年成都市餐厨垃圾产量将达到514.96 t/d。     

基于利益相关者理论的城市餐厨垃圾特许经营研究

近年来,国家对餐厨垃圾回收处理越来越重视,对特许经营给了很多政策支持。作为缓解政府压力的一种方式,餐厨垃圾特许经营在满足公众多层次的食品与环境需求方面发挥了巨大的作用。本文运用利益相关者理论,对餐厨垃圾特许经营的各个利益相关者进行分析并提出建议,为更好地发展餐厨垃圾特许经营提供参考。     

乌鲁木齐市餐厨垃圾资源化处理处置探讨

本文介绍了餐厨垃圾的概念及乌鲁木齐餐厨垃圾的主要来源,对目前国内外餐厨垃圾资源化处理技术进行了探讨,介绍了饲料化技术、肥料化处理技术、生物厌氧发酵处理技术以及生物柴油技术,分析了各种技术存在的优缺点,并对国内外处理处置现状进行综述,对乌鲁木齐市餐厨垃圾处理工作进行了展望和探讨.     

UASB-A/O-MBR组合工艺处理餐厨垃圾废水研究

随着垃圾分类的政策的实行，餐厨垃圾成为我国亟待解决的一大生态环境难题，随着餐厨垃圾的产生，必然也会产生大量的餐厨垃圾废水。餐厨垃圾废水具有水质复杂、水质波动性大、有机污染物及营养物质含量高，且不同地区餐厨废水水质含量区别较大等特点。为能有效处理餐厨垃圾废水，本文采用了UASB-A/O-MBR的组合工艺，探究了UASB工艺对餐厨垃圾废水中COD的去除效果及工艺参数，进而考察UASB-A/O-MBR整体工艺对COD、NH₃-N、TN的去除效果及工艺参数。研究表明，当UASB反应器中pH控制在6.5～7.3之间、上流速度控制在0.58 m/h～0.65 m/h之间、温度控制在35℃±3℃、HRT为24h, A/O-MBR工艺中HRT为48h,回流比为300%时，此套系统对COD、NH₃-N、TN的去除效果最低可达到95%、97%、75%。可以为以后在处理餐厨垃圾废水的实际工程应用中提供一种优良技术。     

上海市食品废弃物处理处置现状综述

对上海市生活垃圾中食品废弃物和餐厨垃圾近年来的产生状况进行了综述,讨论了上海市对生活垃圾中食品废弃物和餐厨垃圾的管理和处理处置现状,并分别进行了总结。最后对上海市食品废弃物的资源化利用进行了展望。     

餐厨垃圾预处理工艺研究及现场应用

餐厨垃圾有机质含量大,具有较高的回收价值,资源化利用是发展的趋势,但是我国餐厨垃圾具有含水量大、杂物多、油脂提取难等特点,增加了处理的难度。研发一套餐厨垃圾预处理工艺,并对相关设备的结构尺寸进行了优化,形成了以精分选、高提油为特点的工艺技术,综合杂物拣出率达到95%以上,提油率达到98%以上。该工艺在光大国际宿迁100t/d和吴江300t/d餐厨项目进行了应用,运行效果良好,为后期餐厨项目的推广提供了技术支撑。     

餐厨垃圾和市政污泥联合高温厌氧消化产沼气研究

为探索餐厨垃圾和市政污泥联合高温厌氧消化的可行性。在一个50m~3的CSTR反应器模拟实际工程运行条件,结果表明,当水力停留时间20d以上,餐厨和污泥比例为4∶1时,沼气产量和甲烷浓度相比单纯餐厨垃圾厌氧消化分别提高了34.2%和8.1%,硫化氢浓度降低了65%。通过餐厨垃圾和市政污泥联合厌氧,既提高了反应器的稳定性和处理能力,又增加了沼气产出与品质,是城市有机固废协同处理的新途径。     

重庆市餐厨垃圾现状调查及处理对策研究

本文采用问卷调查的方式,对重庆主城区的312家餐厨垃圾产生单位进行了抽样调查,了解餐厨垃圾的产生情况、排放去向、收运和处理现状,剖析了目前重庆市餐厨垃圾处置和管理中存在公众认知程度不够、相关法律法规不健全、收集处置不规范、市场机制尚未建立等主要问题,并提出了相关对策建议。     

成都市各区（市）县城镇生活垃圾处理对策

介绍了成都市各区（市）县生活垃圾的成分和处理现状,提出了将来成都市各区（市）县城镇垃圾无害化、资源化、减量化的处理方案。     

成都市危险废物现状调查及污染控制对策研究

本文在对成都市危险废物产生及污染控制状况进行调查分析的基础上,结合国内外危险废物管理经验,提出了成都市危险废物控制的对策及建议。     

成都市生活垃圾分类治理政策执行研究——基于史密斯的政策执行过程模型

以成都市生活垃圾分类治理政策为研究对象,以史密斯的政策执行过程模型为理论基础,从政策制定、执行机构、目标群体和政策环境四大要素出发,对成都市相关政策执行情况进行逐一分析。并结合成都市实际情况,从完善政策内容,增强政策执行机构的执行力,调动目标群体积极性和优化政策执行环境4个方面提出相应的意见和建议,以期为推动成都市生活垃圾分类治理政策有效执行提供一些参考和借鉴。     

基于人工神经网络模型预测2017~2018年成都市危险废物增量研究

危险废物对环境或者人体健康会造成有害影响,有效地预测其产量是优化管理和合理处置的重要依据。以2008~2016年成都市危险废物产生量为基础,通过数据带入和整合及综合各参数因子的影响,利用人工神经网络模型预测方法客观反映并预测成都市危废产量的变化趋势。结果表明该模型预测2017~2018年成都市危险废物年产量分别达到24.46万t和26.88万t,模拟精度偏差低。因此,人工神经网络模型可以作为一种预测危险废物产生量的工具,其预测结果可以为职能部门提供决策参考。     

浅析成都市农村生活垃圾分类收运处理的试点经验

为实现成都市农村生活垃圾分类收运处理,本文通过对成都市农村生活垃圾分类收运处理试点区域的实地调研,分析了农村生活垃圾的组分,详细介绍了试点区域垃圾分类方式、收运流程、分类成效和保障措施等,提出一些农村生活垃圾分类收运处理的重要的实践经验。     

一种选择城市垃圾处理方式的新方法--模糊数学决策法

对模糊数学决策法的基本原理、方法和步骤作了简要介绍，并将其应用到成都市区生活垃圾处理方式的选择中，其决策结果与成都市区目前采用的生活垃圾处理方式相符，表明了该方法的实用性。本研究为合理选择城市垃圾处理方式提供了一种量化方法。     

Phosphorus recovery and recycling from waste: An appraisal based on a French case study

Phosphate rocks, used for phosphorus (P) fertilizer production, are a non-renewable resource at the human time scale. Their depletion at the global scale may threaten global food and feed security. To prevent this depletion, improved P resource recycling from food chain waste to agricultural soils and to the food and feed industry is often presented as a serious option. However, waste streams are often complex and their recycling efficiency is poorly characterized. The aim of this paper is to estimate the P recovery and recycling potential from waste, considering France as a case study. We assessed the P flows in food processing waste, household wastewater and municipal waste at the country scale using a substance flow analysis for the year 2006. We also quantified the P recycling efficiency as the fraction of P in waste that ultimately reached agricultural soils or was recycled in the food and feed industry. Efforts were made to limit data uncertainty by cross-checking multiple data sources concerning P content in waste materials. Results showed that, in general, P recovery in waste was high but that the overall P recycling efficiency was only 51% at the country scale. In particular, P recycling efficiency was 75% for industrial waste, 43% for household wastewater and 47% for municipal waste. The remaining P was discharged into water bodies or landfilled, causing P-induced environmental problems as well as losses of nutrient resources. Major P losses were through food waste (which amounted to 39% of P in available food) and treated wastewater, and the findings were confirmed through cross-checking with alternative data sources. Options for improving P resource recycling and, thereby, reducing P fertilizer use were quantified but appeared to be less promising than scenarios based on reduced food waste or redesigned agricultural systems.     

Door-stepping as a strategy for improved food waste recycling behaviour – Evaluation of a full-scale experiment

Comparisons were made between two groups of households in a multi-family residential area in order to investigate how oral information through a door-stepping campaign can influence household food waste recycling behaviour from a quantitative as well as qualitative perspective. Source-separation behaviour was assessed both through weakly weighting of all source-separated food waste and dry recyclables as well as residual waste generated over a period of 104 weeks, as well as repeated waste composition analyses. Introduction of source-separation of food waste for biogas production significantly decreased the generation of residual waste in the whole case-study area. An average generation of 0.72 and 0.71 kg, household⁻¹, week⁻¹ of separately collected food waste was found amongst households receiving and not contacted through the door-stepping campaign respectively. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant. Four waste composition analyses show that the average source-separation ratio of food waste was higher and the ratio of incorrectly sorter material lower in the food waste fraction amongst households where oral information had been provided. A decrease over time in the source-separation ratio of food waste amongst households receiving oral information suggests a low durability of the door-stepping campaign. No signs were seen of increased source-separation ratio or decreased ratio of incorrectly sorted material amongst dry recyclables. The study supports previous findings pointing at accessibility as a key factor for increased recycling behaviour. However, results also suggest that such systems must address convenience also in the household interior.     

Identifying motivations and barriers to minimising household food waste

The amount of food discarded by UK households is substantial and, to a large extent, avoidable. Furthermore, such food waste has serious environmental consequences. If household food waste reduction initiatives are to be successful they will need to be informed by people's motivations and barriers to minimising household food waste. This paper reports a qualitative study of the thoughts, feelings and experiences of 15 UK household food purchasers, based on semi-structured interviews. Two core categories of motives to minimise household food waste were identified: (1) waste concerns and (2) doing the ‘right’ thing. A third core category illustrated the importance of food management skills in empowering people to keep household food waste to a minimum. Four core categories of barriers to minimising food waste were also identified: (1) a ‘good’ provider identity; (2) minimising inconvenience; (3) lack of priority; and (4) exemption from responsibility. The wish to avoid experiencing negative emotions (such as guilt, frustration, annoyance, embarrassment or regret) underpinned both the motivations and the barriers to minimising food waste. Findings thus reveal potentially conflicting personal goals which may hinder existing food waste reduction attempts.