“十三五”期间成都市生态环境质量变化趋势

基于“十三五”期间成都市生态环境监测数据，分析了成都市生态环境质量状况及变化趋势，以及存在的主要问题，以期为“十四五”成都市生态环境保护与治理提供参考。结果表明：“十三五”期间，成都市生态环境质量持续改善，空气质量优良天数比例整体呈上升趋势，部分污染物年平均浓度均呈逐年下降趋势；酸雨pH变化幅度较小，但酸雨量减少，酸雨污染减轻；地表水水质明显好转，Ⅰ～Ⅲ类水质比例呈现波动上升趋势，劣Ⅴ类水质比例呈下降趋势，成都市级、县级饮用水水源地水质保持稳定；昼间区域声环境质量、昼间交通道路声环境质量均比较稳定；生态质量为良，农村环境质量、辐射环境质量状况总体良好。但也存在空气中细颗粒物和臭氧污染仍较重，部分地表水断面水质不能稳定达标，乡镇饮用水水源地水质未全部达标，交通噪声与生活噪声影响城市声环境质量等问题，给“十四五”期间成都市生态环境质量改善带来挑战。     

浅析新疆城市声环境现状与对策

研究了新疆近五年来的城市声环境变化趋势,并对城市噪声污染现状进行综合分析评价,提出相关的治理对策与建议.从区域环境噪声状况看,噪声值呈下降趋势;从声源强度看,对城市声环境冲击最大的是交通噪声源;从道路交通噪声状况看,近五年交通噪声污染呈逐年下降趋势,但全区各年度均有超标路段,全区城市道路交通噪声仍存在污染.因此,整治城市噪声污染应贯彻"预防为主、防治结合"的方针,综合利用科技、法律手段来改善城市声环境.     

郑州市声环境质量现状评价及防治对策研究

通过对2013年郑州市城市声环境常规监测数据的统计分析,全市声环境质量呈现出生活噪声影响范围变大、城市道路交通噪声污染加剧、建筑施工噪声依然严重、工业噪声影响减少等特征,提出了城市合理规划、加强联合执法等噪声污染控制措施。     

浅析道路交通噪声影响下的人居声环境评价体系建设

道路交通噪声是目前城市中影响范围最广、强度最大的环境噪声,降低其噪声影响,改善城市声环境质量应列为各地政府改善民生的重要工作.根据当前国际形势提出属于人居环境中重要分支的“人居声环境保护”概念,并就该体系建设的几项重要工作进行探讨,为今后城市道路交通噪声影响的评价工作提供借鉴.     

道路交通噪声对城市环境质量的影响

指出在城市环境噪声中，声级最强、干扰最大且较难解决的交通噪声对城市声环境质量的早影响，并提出了在防治措施中，禁鸣是管理好交通秩序，防治噪声污染最经济、效果较好的一条措施。     

开封市交通噪声环境质量二级模糊综合评价

在开封市2005年交通噪声实地监测数据的基础上,运用二级模糊综合评价法,对市区交通噪声环境质量进行现状评价,评价结果为开封市交通噪声环境质量总体上昼间属于轻污染,夜间属于重度污染,夜间交通噪声环境质量明显劣于昼间。其结论符合开封市的实际情况,不仅能较好地描述开封市交通噪声环境污染的连续、渐变、模糊的特点,而且还弥补了一级模糊综合评价难以反映出小范围路段对整体环境质量贡献的不足。     

新乡市城市声环境质量灰色预测

本文对“十三五”期间新乡市城市环境噪声污染现状及趋势进行分析。并采用灰色预测GM(1,1)模型预测新乡市未来5 a城市噪声环境质量，灰色关联分析得出有效治理对策。结果表明：经模型预测新乡市2021—2025年城市区域噪声、功能区噪声(昼间、夜间)等效声级呈小幅下降趋势，道路交通噪声等效声级呈上升趋势，级别由“较好”变为“一般”,污染防控方面压力较大，需加大监管力度。通过交通噪声影响因子关联性分析得出应从人口增加、机动车数量、城镇化扩张等方面制定有效防治措施。     

开封市交通噪声环境质量现状二级模糊综合评价

运用二级模糊综合评价法，对开封市区交通噪声环境质量进行现状评价，评价结果为开封市交通噪声环境质量总体上昼闻属于轻污染，夜间属于重度污染，夜间交通噪声环境质量明显劣于昼闻．其结论符合开封市的实际情况，不仅能较好地描述开封市交通噪声环境污染的连续、渐变、模糊的特点，而且还弥补了一级模糊综合评价难以反映出小范围路段对整体环境质量贡献的不足．     

兰州市交通噪声污染现状及评价

分析了兰州市交通噪声污染现状和危害，并运用模糊数学原理对兰州市交通噪声污染现状进行评价。得出兰州市总体交通噪声目前属于中度污染，在总结国内外城市交通噪声最新研究成果的基础上。提出了提高兰州市声环境质量的综合治理思路。     

天津市城市拥堵与声环境质量调查

交通拥堵带来的声环境问题日益明显,本文对天津市城区交通现状、拥堵特点进行了分析,对与大型道路平交的路口沿线、与高架桥连接的互通立交沿线区域声环境质量现状进行了调查,藉此研究了天津市交通拥堵对声环境质量的影响。     

灰色理论及其模型在北京典型城市区域声环境研究中的应用

以北京市某典型区域作为研究对象，在收集大量相关资料与实测历史噪声数据的基础上，对研究区域内的声环境质量影响因素进行灰色关联度分析，并运用灰色理论建立GM（1,1）模型进行预测。结果表明，影响城市区域声环境质量因素从大到小的排序依次为：机动车辆﹥常住人口数量﹥平均车流量﹥地区生产总值﹥城市道路桥梁﹥基础设施投资﹥治理噪声环保投资；以研究区域内噪声污染实测历史数据建立的GM（1,1）模型精度符合要求标准，根据GM（1,1）模型预测北京市“十二五”期间声环境质量达标且有轻微下降趋势。     

应用GIS技术研究车流量与交通噪声相关性

对无锡建成区交通噪声等效声级(L_(eq))与车流量进行监测,应用GIS技术分析交通噪声与车流量的空间分布,为交通噪声污染防治工作提供科学参考。结果表明:噪声L_(eq)峰值及车流量峰值均集中在高速公路出入口必经路段,此区域为噪声污染防治重点区域。同时发现,噪声L_(eq)与车流量在空间分布上并非成正比关系,在时间趋势上车流量上升但噪声值下降,说明在机动车保有量不断攀升的背景下,采取多种防治措施可以有效缓解甚至改善交通噪声污染。     

北京市高架道、桥交通噪声状况调查与对策研究

对北京市区内８１座道路立交桥和１１段高架道路的声环境状况进行了多方位的调研与实测。分析了高架道、桥附近声环境的地面水平分布特征、高层楼房垂直分布特征、昼夜时间分布特征及产生的原因。从增强城市总体规划与交通管理,注意沿街建筑功能配置与布局,加强临街住户门窗隔声效果,适当建设有效的道路隔声屏障等方面提出了城市发展中解决和控制交通噪声污染的对策建议。     

城市快速路交通噪声影响分析——以深圳市罗湖区罗沙路为例

城市快速路是城市交通运输网的重要组成部分,其产生的交通噪声相当严重。评价城市快速路交通噪声对其两侧交通噪声敏感点的污染状况是目前面临的一个难题。文章以深圳市罗湖区罗沙路为例,对其周边的交通噪声敏感点进行现状调查,利用SoundPLAN软件模拟噪声污染状况,并对安装声屏障前后的降噪效果进行评价,为城市快速路交通噪声污染防治措施的制定提供基础数据和建议。     

Spatial variations in pedestrian soundscape evaluation of traffic noise

Walking is necessary for experiencing urban space, but pedestrians are seriously disturbed by traffic noise. This study aimed to clarify spatial variations in soundscape evaluation in pedestrian spaces used solely for walking, including traffic noise annoyance, the dominance of various sound sources, and the perceptual dimensions of the soundscape. Three traffic noise level areas, at various distances from the road, were evaluated in a typical pedestrian space in China, using a questionnaire survey in an on-site study. The results reveal that, first, the soundscape evaluations in the high-noise area (70 dBA) and middle-noise area (60 dBA) are more similar, but present a larger difference with the low-noise area (50 dBA). The latter is more complicated, and more subjective evaluations in this area are required than for higher sound-level areas. Second, the correlation between the soundscape evaluations of the middle-noise area and the low-noise area demonstrates more similarity, but presents a larger difference with the high-noise area, meaning the effectiveness in the high-noise area may differ from lower sound level areas even with the same soundscape improvement measures. Finally, the relationship of the dominance of natural sound with other soundscape evaluations become weaker as the distance from the road increases; this means that deliberately increasing natural sound might be an effective method to improve the soundscape quality in the high-noise area. These findings can provide a reference for soundscape evaluations and landscape design in pedestrian spaces where traffic noise is a problem.     

Using the polychaete Arenicola marina to determine toxicity and bioaccumulation of PAHS bound to sediments

Transportation system has contributed significantly to the development of human civilization; on the other hand it has an enormous impact on the ambient air quality in several ways. In this paper the air and noise pollution at selected sites along three sections of National Highway was monitored. Pakistan National Highway Authority has started a Highway Improvement program for rehabilitations and maintenance of National highways to improve the traffic flows, and would ultimately improve the air quality along highways. The ambient air quality and noise level was monitored at nine different locations along these sections of highways to quantify the air pollution. The duration of monitoring at individual location was 72 h. The most of the sampling points were near the urban or village population, schools or hospitals, in order to quantify the air pollution at most affected locations along these roads. A database consisting of information regarding the source of emission, local metrology and air quality may be created to assess the profile of air quality in the area.     

城市典型高架复合道路交通噪声污染模拟及防治对策

与一般城市道路相比,城市高架复合道路通行能力大、行车速度高、车辆行驶状态复杂,交通噪声污染极为突出。选取深圳市典型的高架复合道路——春风高架和爱国高架进行实地监测,同时运用SoundPLAN软件模拟其噪声污染现状与安装声屏障后的降噪效果。根据监测模拟结果,从合理进行道路规划、装设声屏障和铺设低噪声路面等方面提出高架复合道路噪声污染控制的对策建议。     

广州市昼夜道路交通噪声的监测与分析

对广州市的昼夜交通噪声污染现状进行了分区域分道路等级的实地监测,得到共53个监测点位白天和夜晚的等效声级及其统计声级,同时对每个监测点展开了交通流调查,并分析交通流特征对交通噪声的影响。监测结果表明, 白天快速路、主干路、次干路及支路的平均等效声级分别为74.2、72.2、67.8、65.1 dB,快速路及主干路沿线的交通噪声污染比次干路及支路的严重。夜晚所有测点的噪声值均超过55 dB,快速路、主干路、次干路及支路的平均等效声级分别为72.2、72.3、66.3、64.5 dB,广州市夜晚的交通噪声污染较为严重。     

Assessing the influence of urban transportation infrastructure construction on haze pollution in China: A case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

The construction of urban transportation infrastructure is bound to have an impact on air pollution. The purpose of this paper is to verify whether strengthening the construction of urban transportation infrastructure can reduce haze pollution. The core innovation of this paper is that the fixed asset investment of urban municipal public facilities and urban road areas are used as the proxy indicator of transportation infrastructure, which is rarely adopted in the existing literature. The relationship between transportation infrastructure and haze pollution is discussed, and the endogenous problems caused by variables omission are also considered. Based on the panel data of 13 prefecture-level cities of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from 2005 to 2016, we use the slope index as the instrumental variable for urban transportation infrastructure, with the two-stage least squares method (2SLS) applied. The results suggest that: (i)increasing urban transportation infrastructure investment can significantly improve the air quality of the sample cities and mitigate haze pollution levels; (ii)After using the instrumental variable to alleviate endogenous bias, the inhibitory effect is more obvious; (iii)Compared with the fixed asset investment in the construction of public facilities, the increase of urban road area has a better effect on the improvement of haze pollution. What we learned from the conclusions is: traffic management department should strengthen the transportation infrastructure construction to realize the balance between urban construction and environmental protection.