石家庄市大气颗粒物元素组分特征分析

为研究石家庄市大气颗粒物的污染特征及其来源,于2013年4—5月在主城6区分别采集TSP、PM10和PM2.5颗粒物样品,利用ICP-MS分析其中的22种元素浓度。结果表明,石家庄市城区Ca、Fe元素在各粒径颗粒物中含量都较高,PM2.5中的S、K含量较高,PM10和TSP中Mg、Al的浓度相对较高。颗粒物的主要来源为燃煤尘、道路尘和建筑尘,TSP、PM10和PM2.5具有较好的统计相关性和同源性。     

鞍山市TSP及PM10相关性分析研究

分别在冬季及夏季选取具有典型气候特性的天气,采集空气中TSP和PM10.根据采样前、后滤膜重量之差及采样标况体积,计算TSP质量浓度,分析了TSP和PM10在大气中污染状况,研究了TSP和PM10的相关性及PM10占TSP的比例,并得出结论:在冬、夏二季TSP和PM10的浓度值变化趋势非常相似,在冬季时TSP和PM10...     

城市大气中颗粒物的研究现状及健康效应

综述了大气尘(TSP、PM10、PM2.5)的研究现状,重点围绕TSP、PM10、PM2.5的物理特征、化学组成(有机组成、重金属元素的总含量及其各化学形态分布)及其源解析进行描述,也提及了大气颗粒物与健康的关系.     

大气颗粒物采样器的设计与应用

自行开发设计大气颗粒物双通道采样器,通过更换粒径切割器实现对大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)或细颗粒物(PM2.5)样品的采集。该仪器通过流量传感器、比例阀和流量控制板精确控制每个通道的采样流量,控制系统还可实时采集大气环境温度、压力、湿度、风速和风向5个气象参数,并根据环境温度、压力的变化对采样的体积流量进行补偿计算,以确保进样口体积流量恒定,保证粒径切割准确。在2011年深圳大学生运动会期间(8月12—23日)和后期(8月24日至9月4日),利用该仪器进行了大气环境野外观测实验,并对该仪器和Thermo2300采样器的结果进行了平行性分析和对比分析,其平行结果和对比结果相关系数均大于0.99。     

乌鲁木齐采暖期4种颗粒物质量浓度比对研究

本研究以乌鲁木齐工业区、交通区、生活区、风景对照区4个典型区域为研究对象,采集了采暖期大气颗粒物TSP、PM10、PM5、PM2.5,并对其进行质量浓度分析。结果表明:在采暖期大气中TSP的浓度范围为87.94~325.61ug/m3;PM10的浓度范围为76.69~299.21ug/m3;PM5的浓度范围为79.68~294.95ug/m3;在PM2.5的浓度范围为71.80~213.30ug/m3。总体来看,乌鲁木齐采暖期TSP、PM10、PM5、PM2.5的浓度存在一定的差异性,各组分浓度分布为工业区交通区生活区风景对照区,这与采样区受污染程度有关。     

石家庄市春节期间大气颗粒物有机碳和元素碳的变化特征

为研究石家庄市大气颗粒物的污染特征及其来源,于2013年2月6—19日春节期间在石家庄市采集大气颗粒物TSP、PM10、PM2.5样品,对其有机碳、元素碳进行分析测定。结果表明,石家庄TSP、PM10、PM2.5日平均质量浓度分别为389、330、245μg/m3,颗粒物污染严重;碳组分在颗粒物中占有较大比重,且随着粒径的减少,碳组分比重逐渐增加;存在不严重的次生有机碳污染;OC与EC的相关系数较高,说明两者有较为相似的污染源,主要为燃煤、机动车排放源。各种气象条件对PM2.5、OC、EC浓度和OC/EC的变化都有不同程度的影响。     

乌鲁木齐市冬季大气颗粒物PM_(10) 和PM_(2.5)污染水平及相关性研究

为研究乌鲁木齐市冬季采暖期间大气颗粒物污染特征,通过采样和在线监测二种手段分析了2015年1~2月大气颗粒物样品,采用重量法分析颗粒物质量浓度,并对其相关性进行分析。结果表明:依据《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012),采样期间乌鲁木齐市大气PM_(10) 和PM_(2.5)的日均质量浓度均超过了国家二级标准,颗粒物污染严重;PM_(10) 和PM_(2.5)存在显著相关性,PM_(2.5)和PM_(10) 浓度的比值均大于0.5,采暖期PM2.5对乌鲁木齐市大气颗粒物贡献显著。     

淮南市大气颗粒物污染特征研究

2014年7月和2015年1月分别系统监测淮南市6个功能区夏、冬季大气颗粒物(TSP、PM10、PM2.5)质量浓度并分析其时空分布特征。结果表明:采矿区和工业区污染较严重;采矿区主要受采煤、运输等人为活动的影响,工业区受工业排放影响较大,商业区主要以汽车尾气排放为主,居民区和文教区则以燃煤排放为主;夏季颗粒物浓度日变化趋势均呈现两边凸中间凹的特征,峰值分别出现在7:00和18:00,谷值出现在13:00左右,而冬季变化趋势波动较大。     

青岛市区春夏季大气能见度与颗粒物的关系

利用青岛市灰霾综合观测站2012年3月2日-2012年6月7日期间的监测数据,分析了青岛市区大气能见度与不同粒径颗粒物质量浓度的日变化特征,比较了各级别大气能见度下不同粒径颗粒物质量浓度及所占比例的相关性,研究了相对湿度对大气能见度和颗粒物质量浓度相关性的影响.结果表明,监测时段大气能见度与颗粒物质量浓度呈现较好的负相关,每天大气能见度最低值出现在早晨07:00--09:00;剔除相对湿度高于90％的前提下,PM2.5是影响大气能见度的主要因子,随着其在PM1o中所占比例上升,大气能见度级别不断下降,相关系数为-0.84;不同相对湿度区间下,PM2.5对大气能见度的影响最明显,其中,相对湿度为60％ ～ 70％,大气能见度与颗粒物质量浓度之间的相关性最好.     

淮安市区大气中颗粒物PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)污染水平

通过对淮安市大气颗粒物中PM10、PM2．5的监测与污染水平分析，得出了淮安市区PM10与PM2．5浓度呈冬秋季高，夏春季低的特征。PM2.5和PM10的比值范围在0．62～0．65之间，即PM2．5在PM10以下颗粒物中所占比例大约为63％。     

乌鲁木齐市可吸入颗粒物(PM10)与总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的相关性规律浅析

通过对乌鲁木齐市的PM10和TSP数据的对比分析，找出PM10在TSP中所占比率（分担率）在采暖季和非采暖季的变化范围，从而使过去采集的TSP数据与PM10数据有一定的可比性，保证监测数据的连续可比。     

以长春为例研究环境空气中TSP、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的相关性

选取长春市解放大路与人民大街的交叉口为研究地点,分别进行TSP、PM10和PM2.5的采样和分析.然后利用相关系敷法和t检验对测定结果进行相关性分析,得到备元素的含量在三种污染物中的相关系敖:在TSP与PM10中为0.9349;在PM2.5与PM10中为0.8797;在TSP与PM2.5中为0.7824.得到各元素含量在三种污染物中的T检验统计值,在TSP与PM10中为0.90103;在PM2.5与PM10中为0.04745;在TSP与PM2.5中为0.047986.从分析结果可以看出,各元素含量在TSP与PM10中的相关性最好,在PM2.5与PM10中次之,研究结果为相关环境管理提供科学依据.     

Aspiration and sampling efficiencies of the TSP and louvered particulate matter inlets

An experimental system was developed for the rapid measurement of the aspiration/transfer efficiency of aerosol samplers in a wind tunnel. We attempted to measure the aspiration and particle transfer characteristics of two inlets commonly used for sampling airborne Particulate Matter (PM): the 'Total Suspended Particulate' or TSP inlet, and the louvered 'dichotomous sampler inlet' typically used in sampling PM10 or PM2.5. We were able to determine the fraction of the external aerosol that enters the inlet and is transferred through it, and hence is available for collection by a filter, or further size fractionation into PM10 or PM2.5. This 'sampling efficiency' was analysed as a function of dimensionless aerodynamic parameters in order to understand the factors governing inlet performance. We found that for the louvered inlet the sampling efficiency increases as the external wind increases. Under all conditions expected in practical use the louvered inlet aspirates sufficient PM to allow either PM10 or PM2.5 to be selected downstream. The TSP inlet's sampling efficiency decreases with increasing external wind, and the TSP inlet is likely to under-sample the coarse end of the PM10 fraction at moderate and high external winds. As this inlet is generally not used with a downstream size fractionator, changes in sampling efficiency directly affect the measured aerosol concentration. We also investigated whether it is possible to dimensionally scale the PM inlets to operate at either higher or lower flow rates, while preserving the same sampling characteristics as the current full-scale, 16.67 L min(-1) versions. In the case of the louvered inlet, our results indicate that scaling to lower flow rates is possible; scaling to higher flow rates was not tested. For the TSP sampler, the sampling efficiency changes if the sampler is scaled to operate at smaller or larger flow rates, leading to unreliable performance.     

Particulate Matter Over A Seven Year Period in Urban and Rural Areas Within, Proximal and Far from Mining and Power Station Operations in Greece

Lignite mining operations and lignite-fired power stations result in major particulate pollution (fly ash and fugitive dust) problems in the areas surrounding these activities. The problem is more complicated, especially, for urban areas located not far from these activities, due to additional contribution from the urban pollution sources. Knowledge of the distribution of airborne particulate matter into size fraction has become an increasing area of focus when examining the effects of particulate pollution. On the other hand, airborne particle concentration measurements are useful in order to assess the air pollution levels based on national and international air quality standards. These measurements are also necessary for developing air pollutants control strategies or for evaluating the effectiveness of these strategies, especially, for long periods. In this study an attempt is made in order to investigate the particle size distribution of fly ash and fugitive dust in a heavy industrialized (mining and power stations operations) area with complex terrain in the northwestern part of Greece. Parallel total suspended particulates (TSP) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) concentrations are analyzed. These measurements gathered from thirteen monitoring stations located in the greater area of interest. Spatial, temporal variation and trend are analyzed over the last seven years. Furthermore, the geographical variation of PM10 – TSP correlation and PM10/TSP ratio are investigated and compared to those in the literature. The analysis has indicated that a complex system of sources and meteorological conditions modulate the particulate pollution of the examined area.     

Monitoring of ambient particles and heavy metals in a residential area of Seoul, Korea

In this study, ambient TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 in a residential area located in the northern part of Seoul were monitored every other month for 1 year from April 2005 to February 2006. The monthly average levels of TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 had ranges of 71∼158, 40∼106, and 28∼43 μg/m³, respectively. TSP and PM10 showed highest concentration in April; this seems to be due to Asian dust from China and/or Mongolia. However, the fine particle of PM2.5 showed a relatively constant level during the monitoring period. Heavy metals in PM 10 and PM2.5, such as Cr, As, Cd, Mn, Zn and Pb, were also analysed during the same period. The monthly average concentrations of heavy metal in PM2.5 were Cr:1.9∼22.7 ng/m³; As:0.9∼2.5 ng/m³; Cd: 0.6∼7 ng/m³; Mn:6.1∼22.6 ng/m³; Zn: 38.9∼204.8 ng/m³, and Pb: 21.6∼201.1 ng/m³. For the health risk assessment of heavy metals in ambient particles, excess cancer risks were calculated using IRIS unit risk. As a result, the excess cancer risks of chromium, cadmium, and arsenic were shown to be more than one per million based on the annual concentration of heavy metals, and chromium showed the highest excess cancer risk in ambient particles in Seoul.     

博乐市PM10与TSP相关性分析

选用博乐市2010年大气PM10与TSP监测数据月均值,分析了PM10与TSP在大气中的浓度变化相关性趋势、沙尘暴天气对其相关性的影响以及PM10占TSP中的浓度比,并得出PM10与TSP的浓度变化趋势除沙尘暴天气干扰外非常相似,具有很好的相关性。     

利用自动采样滤膜监测PM_(2.5)中铅和镉的可行性

根据PM2.5中重金属监测国标分析方法,从PM2.5采样方法、采样保存条件、滤膜材质性能等方面说明利用空气自动采样滤膜监测PM2.5中铅和镉是可行的;对手工采样(石英滤膜)和Beta射线法自动采样(自动采样滤膜)2种方法,对PM2.5实际样品中铅和镉的结果进行比较,结果显示:自动采样滤膜的空白检出和检出限均满足铅和镉的监测需求,铅和镉的回收率分别为95.2%~107%和91.8%~105%,与手工采样方法相比测得铅和镉的相对误差分别为3.6%~8.4%和1.3%~10.8%,从实践角度进一步证明了利用自动采样滤膜对PM2.5中铅和镉进行监测是可行的。     

Chemical and micromorphological properties of TSP and PM10 particles: case study in Bucharest urban area

The purpose of this work was to determine some aspects of micromorphology of total suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM(10)) and their major elemental components in order to highlight the main characteristics of the atmospheric particles from an urban environment, having a case study in the urban area of Bucharest. The sampling of PM(10) and TSP were conducted in the close vicinity of a high traffic road for 72 h per sample and also priority pollutants in air: Pb and Cd were quantified and correlations between their concentrations and local wind directions were also found. The parameters characterizing the micromorphology of particle-roughness of the particle surface and area of particle-were correlated with wind direction.     

南京大气细颗粒中有机碳与元素碳污染特征

为了解南京城区大气细颗粒物中有机碳与元素碳的污染特征,在国控点草场门进行了连续一年的PM2.5采样,分析了有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)、ρ(OC)/ρ(EC)污染特征和变化规律。结果表明,采样期间有些PM2.5的日均值超过了《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)二级标准,ρ(OC)/ρ(EC)为0.77～4.98,平均值为1.92。PM2.5样品中OC约占18%、EC约占9%。