城市快速路交通噪声影响分析——以深圳市罗湖区罗沙路为例

城市快速路是城市交通运输网的重要组成部分,其产生的交通噪声相当严重。评价城市快速路交通噪声对其两侧交通噪声敏感点的污染状况是目前面临的一个难题。文章以深圳市罗湖区罗沙路为例,对其周边的交通噪声敏感点进行现状调查,利用SoundPLAN软件模拟噪声污染状况,并对安装声屏障前后的降噪效果进行评价,为城市快速路交通噪声污染防治措施的制定提供基础数据和建议。     

Determination of Path Coefficients and Its Application in Road Traffic Noise Annoyance – a Theoretical Approach

This paper elucidates the basic approach of determining the path coefficients and its significance in the road traffic noise annoyance. Path model not only outline the direct effect of the traffic noise on the nearby residents but also indicate the indirect effect via other variables. In this study seven variables were considered for determining road traffic noise annoyance. However the same would be equally applicable for other situations like aircraft noise, rail noise, and industry noise with the different variables. At the outset a priori path model was designed and then on the basis of the partial regression coefficient values for the different paths, the revised path model was developed. The standardized partial regression coefficients known as path coefficients, determine the strength of the linkage among variables. Some of the paths in the model were not statistically significant. Revised path models were developed by deleting the insignificant paths whose values were found above 5% level. In the revised path model, thus the direct and indirect effect due to a particular variable causing the road traffic noise annoyance could be observed.     

国内外环境噪声监测方法比较及启示

综合比较了中国、日本、欧盟、美国和澳大利亚等国家或地区的环境噪声监测与评价方法,分析了声环境质量监测法、噪声地图预测法和噪声源监测法3种环境噪声评估方法的优缺点,认为声环境质量监测法适合现阶段中国环境噪声监测与管理需求,但下一步应结合噪声产生与传播预测方法改进中国声环境监测评价方法,增强对监测过程的质控,增加重点噪声源监测,以期更全面地反映城市声环境质量状况。     

匀速行驶小型载客汽车噪声频谱研究

系统测量了5辆小型载客汽车分别以20~100 km/h匀速行驶时的车外噪声频谱,得到了低、中、高各频段声压级随车速的变化关系,进一步与城市道路交通噪声频谱相比较,为从声源上控制城市道路交通噪声提供有力的参考依据。     

广州市昼夜道路交通噪声的监测与分析

对广州市的昼夜交通噪声污染现状进行了分区域分道路等级的实地监测,得到共53个监测点位白天和夜晚的等效声级及其统计声级,同时对每个监测点展开了交通流调查,并分析交通流特征对交通噪声的影响。监测结果表明, 白天快速路、主干路、次干路及支路的平均等效声级分别为74.2、72.2、67.8、65.1 dB,快速路及主干路沿线的交通噪声污染比次干路及支路的严重。夜晚所有测点的噪声值均超过55 dB,快速路、主干路、次干路及支路的平均等效声级分别为72.2、72.3、66.3、64.5 dB,广州市夜晚的交通噪声污染较为严重。     

我国城市声环境质量状况与分析

介绍了我国城市声环境质量状况,并就相关问题进行了分析.我国城市道路交通声环境质量大部分处于好和较好水平;城市区域声环境质量主要处于较好和轻度污染状态;约有1%的人口处在噪声重度污染区域;交通噪声影响强度最大;社会生活噪声影响范围最广;环境噪声污染仍存在污染投诉率高、交通噪声污染严重等问题,改善声环境质量仍是今后一项主要工作.     

基于可靠度的变压器声功率遗传算法研究

换流变压器是高压直流换流站中主要的噪声源,对换流变压器噪声的预测精度直接影响到后期整个换流站噪声预测模型的准确性,因此,准确获得换流变压器的声功率至关重要。根据《声学 户外声传播衰减 第2部分:一般计算方法》(ISO 9613-2:1996)中的户外声传播声功率计算方法,构建了声源声功率反推数学模型。利用某变压器周围大量测点现场实测数据,结合可靠度理论,识别并剔除了实测点中受相干声场影响较大的点,实现了换流变压器声功率反演计算,并对测点个数的选取进行了初步研究及优化。与其他声功率测量方法相比,该方法操作简单,对仪器设备要求较低,适用于复杂的声学环境,具有一定的应用前景。     

Road Traffic Noise Prediction Model under Interrupted Traffic Flow Condition

The objective of this study is to develop an empirical traffic noise prediction model under interrupted traffic flow conditions using two analytical the approaches, the first being the acceleration lane approach and second being the deceleration approach. The urban road network of Bangalore city has been selected as the study area. Sixteen locations are chosen in major traffic junctions of the study area. The traffic noise data collected from the study locations were analyzed separately for both acceleration and deceleration lanes when vehicles leave an intersection on a green traffic light and come to a stop on red traffic light. Based on the study, a regression noise prediction model has been developed for both acceleration and deceleration lanes.     

张家港市声环境相关问题问卷调查

对张家港市7个镇176名居民进行了有关声环境保护的问卷调查。结果表明,张家港市声环境质量近年来得到改善,57%的调查对象对声环境质量感到满意,市民对声环境的关注度较高。调查对象认为主要噪声污染源为建筑施工源,其次为工业源,然后是交通运输源,最后为社会生活噪声。4种噪声源实际导致的噪声污染事件数量间没有明显差别,其中社会生活噪声造成的污染情况数最多。居民实际遭遇的噪声污染事件类别和居民受教育程度会对居民提出声环境保护措施的倾向产生显著影响。     

深圳市罗湖区道路交通噪声地图的制作与应用

以 SoundPLAN 软件为依托，将罗湖区城市主干道路及周边地物进行概化、建模，并根据实际监测数据调试参数，制作出罗湖区主干道路噪声分布地图，并对噪声污染严重路段防护措施进行效果模拟，为罗湖区道路交通噪声控制规划和整治以及建设项目审批管理等提供依据。     

浅析道路交通噪声影响下的人居声环境评价体系建设

道路交通噪声是目前城市中影响范围最广、强度最大的环境噪声,降低其噪声影响,改善城市声环境质量应列为各地政府改善民生的重要工作.根据当前国际形势提出属于人居环境中重要分支的“人居声环境保护”概念,并就该体系建设的几项重要工作进行探讨,为今后城市道路交通噪声影响的评价工作提供借鉴.     

北京市高架道、桥交通噪声状况调查与对策研究

对北京市区内８１座道路立交桥和１１段高架道路的声环境状况进行了多方位的调研与实测。分析了高架道、桥附近声环境的地面水平分布特征、高层楼房垂直分布特征、昼夜时间分布特征及产生的原因。从增强城市总体规划与交通管理，注意沿街建筑功能配置与布局，加强临街住户门窗隔声效果，适当建设有效的道路隔声屏障等方面提出了城市发展中解决和控制交通噪声污染的对策建议。     

城市轨道交通噪声评价方法及其限值的研究

根据城市轨道交通噪声时、空分布特点及污染规律,对轨道交通噪声评价量作了分析研究,提出了列车通过时的最大声级作为城市轨道交通噪声的评价量,并根据噪声时问分布特性曲线提出了与之相对应的等效声级简易计算方法.通过对上海轨道交通3号线沿线居民区的主、客观调查,得到主观烦恼度阈值和干扰睡眠阈值,提出了适用于我国城市轨道交通的环境噪声限值(建议).     

城市典型高架复合道路交通噪声污染模拟及防治对策

与一般城市道路相比,城市高架复合道路通行能力大、行车速度高、车辆行驶状态复杂,交通噪声污染极为突出。选取深圳市典型的高架复合道路——春风高架和爱国高架进行实地监测,同时运用SoundPLAN软件模拟其噪声污染现状与安装声屏障后的降噪效果。根据监测模拟结果,从合理进行道路规划、装设声屏障和铺设低噪声路面等方面提出高架复合道路噪声污染控制的对策建议。     

隔声窗隔声性能的现场监测方法及效果初探

采用隔声窗作为典型道路的交通噪声控制措施，探索隔声性能的现场监测方法。分别选取真空玻璃窗与中空玻璃窗进行监测，两种隔声窗对交通噪声1000 Hz 和2000 Hz 两个倍频带的隔声量最大，真空玻璃隔声窗对500 Hz 倍频带及以下的噪声比中空玻璃隔声窗更有效，如果采用两种隔声窗进行组合，在全频带的隔声量达到25 dB。     

Urban daytime traffic noise prediction models

An evaluation was made of the acoustic environment generated by an urban highway using in situ measurements. Based on the data collected, a mathematical model was designed for the main sound levels (L _eq, L ₁₀, L ₅₀, and L ₉₀) as a function of the correlation between sound levels and between the equivalent sound pressure level and traffic variables. Four valid groups of mathematical models were generated to calculate daytime sound levels, which were statistically validated. It was found that the new models can be considered as accurate as other models presented in the literature to assess and predict daytime traffic noise, and that they stand out and differ from the existing models described in the literature thanks to two characteristics, namely, their linearity and the application of class intervals.     

应用GIS技术研究车流量与交通噪声相关性

对无锡建成区交通噪声等效声级(L_(eq))与车流量进行监测,应用GIS技术分析交通噪声与车流量的空间分布,为交通噪声污染防治工作提供科学参考。结果表明:噪声L_(eq)峰值及车流量峰值均集中在高速公路出入口必经路段,此区域为噪声污染防治重点区域。同时发现,噪声L_(eq)与车流量在空间分布上并非成正比关系,在时间趋势上车流量上升但噪声值下降,说明在机动车保有量不断攀升的背景下,采取多种防治措施可以有效缓解甚至改善交通噪声污染。     

Spatial variations in pedestrian soundscape evaluation of traffic noise

Walking is necessary for experiencing urban space, but pedestrians are seriously disturbed by traffic noise. This study aimed to clarify spatial variations in soundscape evaluation in pedestrian spaces used solely for walking, including traffic noise annoyance, the dominance of various sound sources, and the perceptual dimensions of the soundscape. Three traffic noise level areas, at various distances from the road, were evaluated in a typical pedestrian space in China, using a questionnaire survey in an on-site study. The results reveal that, first, the soundscape evaluations in the high-noise area (70 dBA) and middle-noise area (60 dBA) are more similar, but present a larger difference with the low-noise area (50 dBA). The latter is more complicated, and more subjective evaluations in this area are required than for higher sound-level areas. Second, the correlation between the soundscape evaluations of the middle-noise area and the low-noise area demonstrates more similarity, but presents a larger difference with the high-noise area, meaning the effectiveness in the high-noise area may differ from lower sound level areas even with the same soundscape improvement measures. Finally, the relationship of the dominance of natural sound with other soundscape evaluations become weaker as the distance from the road increases; this means that deliberately increasing natural sound might be an effective method to improve the soundscape quality in the high-noise area. These findings can provide a reference for soundscape evaluations and landscape design in pedestrian spaces where traffic noise is a problem.     

A study of diffusion models applied to dust emissions from industrial complexes

Industrial complexes may release dust emissions through several to up to tens of stacks, as well as via fugitive area sources. Several diffusion models for small-scale fugitive dust sources have been developed and combined with a point source model to form a series of models for industrial complexes. The applicable area of these models and the methods for obtaining the main parameters in the models have been tested and verified using measurement data gained from several field experiments. The models developed in this paper can give quite satisfactory results when compared to other current models.     

平原高速公路交通噪声对两侧敏感区域影响的探讨

针对目前平原高速公路交通噪声影响两侧敏感区域的状况,环评预测结果偏差过大的问题,应用声学传播理论,对交通噪声的衰减结果进行计算,并用实测数据进行验证。其结果对平原高速公路交通噪声的管理与治理提供相应的参考。