某焦化企业苯加工系统危险分析

介绍了某焦化企业苯加工系统危险分析的步骤，过程，所解决的技术问题及分析结果，可作为其它焦化企业相关系统进行危险分析参考。     

全面落实新《安全生产法》强化焦化企业安全管理

新《安全生产法》的颁布和实施,对焦化企业提出了更高的要求。焦化企业可以通过完善安全仪表系统、开展危险与可操作分析、建立企业安全生产预警体系、贯彻执行焦化行业安全生产标准和建立现代企业安全管理制度来更好地促进其安全生产。     

关于焦化企业所涉危险工艺的分析

依据国家相关规定,分析了传统焦化企业所涉危险工艺,并对企业在危险工艺中需要进一步完善的地方提出了相关建议。     

模糊综合评价在焦化企业安全评价中的应用

结合焦化企业生产单元事故发生的特点,运用模糊综合评判理论,对焦化企业生产单元安全系统进行分析。综合考虑影响焦化企业生产单元安全的各种因素,确定焦化企业生产单元安全评价指标体系。采用层次分析法确定权重可以保证得出的焦化企业生产单元安全模糊综合评价模型更具有有效性。     

焦炉地下室煤气安全防护

焦化企业焦炉地下室一般都存在高炉、焦炉煤气管道及各类煤气附件,涉及到的煤气事故主要有火灾、爆炸、中毒等.通过对焦炉地下室涉及到的煤气危险特性的分析.依据相关标准提出焦炉地下室煤气安全要点,为焦化企业焦炉地下室煤气安全防护提供参考.     

焦化企业循环冷却水系统危险性分析

通过分析某焦化厂循环冷却水系统存在的危险及其原因,提出相应建议,同时,指出整个焦化行业在循环冷却水系统存在的普遍性问题。     

焦化炼焦系统普遍存在的安全问题

分析焦化炼焦系统普遍存在的安全问题,提出改进措施,为炼焦系统提供良好的安全生产条件.     

电捕焦油器安全运行条件

为避免焦化企业化产回收工艺中焦炉煤气含焦油雾较高,可能影响后序工艺产品质量或操作,同时,造成安全隐患,目前,国内大型焦化企业普遍采用电捕焦油器,以有效清除焦油雾。但电捕焦油器在运行过程中,若控制不当极易发生火灾爆炸事故。通过介绍电捕焦油器的工作原理,分析电捕焦油器运行过程中所涉及的危险物质及运行中可能发生的火灾爆炸危险,结合火灾爆炸三要素及生产过程中遇到的实际问题,依据《焦化安全规程》（GB12710）,从激发能源、煤气中含氧量的控制入手,阐述电捕焦油器安全运行条件。     

干熄焦锅炉危险性分析

通过分析焦化企业干熄焦锅炉的危险有害因素,针对干熄焦锅炉危险性最大的汽包爆炸问题,利用数据模型计算其事故严重度,从而为干熄焦锅炉的设计、管理和正常运行提供参考.     

备煤仓煤场堆取煤存在哪些较大危险因素

正主持人,你好:请问冶金企业焦化过程中的备煤准备时,煤场堆取煤存在哪些较大危险因素和易发生的事故类型有哪些?如何预防?易安网友易安网友,你好:冶金企业焦化过程中的备煤准备时,煤场堆取煤存在的较大危险因素和易发生的事故类型有:配煤仓堵塞,清理时站位不当,导致坍塌事故。     

钢铁工业焦化废水治理技术研究

简述了钢铁工业焦化废水的处理现状。指出焦化废水传统处理方法的缺点，提出焦化废水处理的新技术。     

我国石棉开采和加工企业粉尘危害研究

石棉纤维对人体健康有不良影响,可致肺纤维化、肺癌、胸膜间皮瘤、胸膜斑等。目前世界上多数国家特别是发达国家都倾向于逐渐削减石棉的使用量以至禁止使用,而我国是石棉生产和使用大国,因此研究我国石棉粉尘危害情况对促进我国经济发展和预防职业病的发生具有重要意义。本文在对全国重点企业重点行业石棉加工企业充分调研的基础上,对石棉粉尘的区域危害状况、行业危害状况和不同生产环节的危害状况进行对比分析,分析了目前我国石棉粉尘危害的地区分布特征、行业分布特征以及主要工艺环节分布特征,并指出了石棉粉尘危害比较严重的地区、行业和生产环节,分析了上述地区、行业、生产环节石棉粉尘危害情况严重的的主要原因,并初步探讨了石棉粉尘的防护措施。     

武钢焦化厂推行危险作业分级管理经验

通过对焦化厂所发生的事故进行分析，发现危险作业造成的事故概率较大，因此，对焦化厂的作业根据危险程度进行合理的分级，并对每级作业的措施进行预知，将措施以格式化的形式表现出来，进行分级控制，达到减少事故的目的。     

Identification of Ergonomic-Related Hazards in an Industrial Sample Using the National Occupational Exposure Survey

The National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) was used to determine probabilities for 4 potential physical-agent and 10 potential ergonomic-related exposure hazards among a representative sample of U.S. industries. Potential physical-agent hazard exposures, principally whole-body and segmental vibration, were highest among railroad and heavy construction industries. Several construction industries had high probabilities of potential ergonomic-related exposure hazards, especially to the back and upper extremities.

Establishments with 100 to 249 employees had the highest probability of potential exposures to the 2 types of hazards. Measures of safety and health climate did not differ consistently between high-hazard and low-hazard establishments. The approach taken in this paper may be used to help identify highrisk industries, evaluate interventions, and develop inspection strategies.     

On the need for system-theoretic hazard analysis in the process industries

Most process hazard analysis (PHA) studies today are conducted using traditional methods such as the hazard and operability study (HAZOP). Traditional methods are based on a chain-of-events model of accident causality. Current models of accident causality are based on systems theory and provide a more complete representation of the causal factors involved in accidents. Consequently, it is logical to expect that PHA methods should reflect these models, that is, system-theoretic hazard analysis (STHA) should be used. Indeed, system-theoretic process analysis (STPA) has been developed as such a method. STPA has been used in a variety of industries but, at this time, it has not gained acceptance by the process industries. This article explores the reasons for this situation. Expectations for PHA in the process industries are examined and issues for the application of STPA in the process industries are discussed. It is concluded that a variety of matters must be addressed before STPA can be considered as a viable PHA method for the process industries and the case for the use of STHA in the process industries is not yet proven.     

Ranking of process safety cultures for risk-based inspections using indicative safety culture assessments

Although major hazard industries have no legal obligations to demonstrate a good safety culture, it is an increasingly important factor for risk-based inspections. This paper describes the development and evaluation of a relatively simple method for external indicative assessment of the process safety culture in major hazard industries. As a first step, a tool was developed. Second, the tool was successfully tested in a workshop with major hazard inspectors. After this ‘proof of concept’ and a few adaptations to improve the tool, quantitative evaluation and validation were carried out with a representative sample of major hazard inspectors in the Netherlands. In this stage, the tool comprised 30 questions, of which 19 sufficiently frequent valid responses were given for the validity test. The evaluations demonstrate that without specific preparations, inspection teams can use the tool to discriminate between plants with poor or good safety cultures. That is sufficient for ranking as additional input for risk-based inspection strategies. The resulting indicative ‘scores’ for safety culture correlate meaningfully with the quality of process safety management systems and the number of (legal) non-compliances, which were identified by the inspection team at the same occasion. The use of the tool can be further improved by training inspectors, making minor adaptations of the inspection process, and broadening the scope of a few questions. It is expected that external assessments of safety culture will become increasingly important not only for inspectorates, but also for a range of other external stakeholders.     

Development of a FRAM-based framework to identify hazards in a complex system

System-based approaches such as Functional Resonance Analysis Model (FRAM) are developed to model the complex interactions of system variables and their performance variabilities that may lead to a hazardous scenario in a complex system. However, they have limitations to be applied in process industries for hazard identification since they are heavily based on qualitative analysis and expert elicitations. To overcome the limitations of the system-based hazard identification, the study developed a FRAM-based framework to integrate a human performance model, an equipment performance model, and a first-principle based chemical process model into a hybrid simulator, which will be able to aid hazard analysis in the process industries. The simulator is capable of simulating the performance variabilities of the functions through the aggregation of mathematical models within a complex system, which can be used to simulate potential hazard situations and identify the corresponding interactions. Interaction analysis is conducted by applying association rule mining to the simulated data. The impact of the interactions among upstream functions on the performance of downstream functions can be identified by interpreting the rules, whose antecedents contain upstream functions and consequents contain downstream functions.     

中小企业职业危害现状及对策

目前我国的职业病统计以大中型企业为主,小企业和私人企业作为职业病高发场所则缺乏有效监管。通过对600余家各类中小企业进行调查,根据各行业存在的主要职业有害因素,分析了中小企业职业危害现状以及企业的职业安全与健康管理体系建设情况,并提出了相应的改进措施。     

金属矿山安全管理与信息化技术

信息化技术与传统产业的紧密结合,可实现传统产业快速发展.信息化技术对矿山安全也发挥了重要的作用.详细论述了金属非金属矿山的安全生产现状,矿山安全灾害种类和矿山安全信息化技术,指出信息化技术的应用是解决矿山安全问题的一个重要途径.     

Building Safety indicators: Part 2 – Application,practices and results

Petroleum exploration and production in the Barents Sea is a controversial topic. The Goliat field outside the northern coast of Norway will be the first offshore oil development in this region, with planned production start in 2013–2014. Avoiding major accidents at Goliat is critical; not only to reduce the risks to human lives and the environment, but also to gain political acceptance. Providing early warnings of major accidents for Goliat is one of the main objectives of the research project ‘Building Safety’. The objective of this paper is to describe the development of early warnings in the form of indicators. In addition, the paper includes an overview of current status of early warnings of accidents in other major hazard industries; the nuclear power industry, the chemical process industry, and aviation. Experiences from these industries, including lessons learned from recent major accidents, have been used as important input to the development of early warning indicators.