复杂水环境模拟研究与发展趋势

从水质变化过程、水体空间维度和边界条件三个方面简要回顾了水环境模拟的研究与发展进程。介绍了目前国内外广泛应用的综合性水质模型软件：QUAL2E/2K、CE-QUAL-RIV1、MIKE11、CE-QUAL-W2、MIKE21、Delft3D、WASP、EFDC、BASINS、WARMF、SMS的特点和适用范围,重点讨论了EFDC和WASP集成应用于复杂水环境模拟的优势。对复杂水环境模拟的发展趋势进行了展望。     

溶藻放线菌的分离鉴定及其溶藻特性

从水华发生水塘的泥土中分离到一株溶藻放线菌L74,对该菌溶解铜绿微囊藻、鱼腥藻、颤藻、水华束丝藻的效果及溶藻方式进行了研究,利用16SrDNA序列分析对其进行了鉴定。结果表明,该菌不仅对铜绿微囊藻具有良好的溶藻效果,而且对鱼腥藻、颤藻、水华束丝藻也有良好的去除作用。对铜绿微囊藻的效解作用依赖于初始菌浓度,当初始藻液中菌浓度>1×104cfu/mL时,可产生明显的溶藻作用,6d后对铜绿微囊藻的去除率达82.6%。通过溶藻方式的研究发现,该菌菌体和胞外代谢产物都具有溶藻作用,且这种胞外代谢产物对温度敏感,当温度达到110℃时会使该溶藻物质失去活性。16SrDNA序列分析表明L74菌与多株弗氏链霉菌的16SrDNA核苷酸序列的同源性达到了100%,归属于弗氏链霉菌。     

基于3S技术的河流水污染监测信息系统的构建

分析了河流水污染的特点及其影响,简要介绍了3S技术的概念及其应用,在此基础上,构建了一个基于3S技术的河流水污染监测信息系统的总体框架,并对其中的关键技术进行了说明,以期有利于我国河流水污染防治和控制技术与手段的发展。     

一株石油烃降解菌的分离、鉴定及降解特性

从胜利油田采油厂石油污染土壤中分离筛选到一株石油高效降解菌SY-02,以石油烃为唯一碳源和能源。在总石油烃(TPH)浓度为1%(W/V)培养液中接种一定量的该菌,30℃、200r/min摇瓶振荡培养7d,TPH降解率可达71%。经形态、生理生化及16S rDNA同源性等指标分析,初步鉴定该菌种属Pseudomonas chlororaphis(绿针假单胞菌)。纯烃底物降解实验表明正十六烷最易被SY-02菌代谢,其次是单环芳烃苯,然后是二环芳烃萘和三环芳烃菲,环烷烃较难被利用。     

大型沼气工程中生物脱硫技术

随着我国对可再生能源的开发和利用的不断深入发展,利用畜禽粪便厌氧发酵产沼气是一种非常有前景的能源利用途径,但所产生的沼气中都含有H2S气体,由于它是一种腐蚀性很强的化合物,所以沼气脱硫是沼气利用的关键环节。本文以某工程调试与运行实例分析了大型沼气工程中的生物脱硫技术,以为同类型工程提供参考。     

Heavy metal removal from aqueous solution using carbonaceous K2S-impregnated adsorbent

A novel carbonaceous adsorbent for heavy metal removal was prepared from raw coal by one-step simple sulfur impregnation using K2S. Raw coal was mixed with K2S powder and then heated at 800°C for 30 min in nitrogen to produce K2S char. The sulfur content and form in K2S char were determined, and the ability of K2S char to adsorb Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ was examined. The K2S impregnation was e ective at impregnating sulfur into coal, especially in the form of elemental, thiophenic and sulfatic sulfur. The sulfur content of K2S char was higher than those of raw coal and pyrolysis char. The Zn2+ removal in 2.4 mmol/L of Zn2+ solution by K2S char was higher than raw coal with the removal rate of 100%. K2S char adsorbed Pb2+ and Cd2+ in 24 mmol/L of Pb2+ and Cd2+ solution with the removal rate of 97% and 35%, respectively. The elution extents of adsorbed Pb2+ and Cd2+ were zero in distilled water and 27% in 0.1 mol/L HCl solution. These results indicated that an e ective adsorbent for heavy metal ions was prepared from coal using K2S sulfur impregnation, and that the adsorbed metals were strongly retained in K2S char.     

土壤中硫的形态分析及其测定方法研究进展

本文对土壤中硫的形态分析与测定方法,从无机硫,有机硫,总硫,以及硫的系统分析方法,硫的检测几个方面进行了综述,对各种方法进行了客观的评价,指出了尚待于解决的问题,并对今后的研究进行了展望。     

阳泉煤炭开采对区域植被影响范围的3S识别

通过遥感解译识别煤矿区矿地的空间分布,利用G IS的空间分析,以遥感植被指数为基础,对山西省阳泉市煤炭开采活动对矿区植被的影响范围进行了研究。结果表明,煤矿区周边的植被指数随着与矿区距离的增加而增大,增大的幅度与距离呈现对数曲线关系,并在400~500 m的距离开始趋于稳定。从植被条件来看,阳泉地区煤炭开采活动的影响范围是在煤矿生产区边缘往外500 m的空间区域。煤矿区的生态恢复和环境治理工作不应仅限于煤矿生产区,还应往外扩展至其对周边生态和环境产生强烈影响的空间范围。     

Screening and degrading characteristics and community structure of a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial consortium from contaminated soil

Inoculation with effcient microbes had been proved to be the most important way for the bioremediation of polluted environments. For the treatment of abandoned site of Beijing Coking Chemical Plant contaminated with high level of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(HMW-PAHs) ,a bacterial consortium capable of degrading HMW-PAHs,designated 1-18-1,was enriched and screened from HMW-PAHs contaminated soil.Its degrading ability was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) ,and the community structure was investigated by construction and analyses of the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries(A,B and F) at different transfers.The results indicated that 1-18-1 was able to utilize pyrene,fluoranthene and benzoapyrene as sole carbon and energy source for growth.The degradation rate of pyrene and fluoranthene reached 82.8%and 96.2%after incubation for 8 days at 30°C,respectively;while the degradation rate of benzoapyrene was only 65.1%after incubation for 28 days at 30°C. Totally,108,100 and 100 valid clones were randomly selected and sequenced from the libraries A,B,and F.Phylogenetic analyses showed that all the clones could be divided into 5 groups,Bacteroidetes,α-Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,β-Proteobacteria andγ-Proteobacteria.Sequence similarity analyses showed total 39 operational taxonomic units(OTUs) in the libraries.The predominant bacterial groups wereα-Proteobacteria(19 OTUs,48.7%) ,γ-Proteobacteria(9 OTUs,23.1%) andβ-Proteobacteria(8 OTUs,20.5%) . During the transfer process,the proportions ofα-Proteobacteria andβ-Proteobacteria increased greatly(from 47%to 93%) ,while γ-Proteobacteria decreased from 32%(library A) to 6%(library F) ;and Bacteroidetes group disappeared in libraries B and F.     

泥水预分离MBR膜污染缓减效能研究

通过长期运行实验,进行了泥水预分离膜生物反应器（sludge/water pre-separation membrane bioreactor, S/W-MBR）与传统淹没式膜生物反应器（submerged membrane bioreactor, SMBR）对比研究,考察了污泥浓度、胞外聚合物含量（extracellular polymeric substances, EPS）及过膜阻力（trans-membrane pressure, TMP）随运行时间的变化规律及其对膜污染的缓减作用.结果表明,S/W-MBR与SMBR生物区的污泥浓度基本一致,而S/W-MBR膜区的污泥浓度较SMBR有显著降低.两者生物区的EPS含量均随运行时间的延长而增加,而S/W-MBR膜区的单位质量污泥的EPS含量始终保持在15 mg/g左右的较低水平.S/W-MBR比SMBR具有更好的缓减膜污染能力,在近90d的连续运行过程中,前者的膜组件仅需清洗2次,后者的膜组件清洗了5次.