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131.
北京市大气细颗粒物的遗传和非遗传毒性研究 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
用胞质阻断微核试验与单细胞凝胶电泳法检测北京市大气PM2.5无机提取物与有机提取物对Balb/c 3T3细胞微核形成与DNA链断裂的影响;通过划痕染料示踪技术(SL/DT)观察PM2.5无机提取物与有机提取物对Balb/c3T3细胞间通讯的影响.发现PM2.5有机提取物可引起双核微核细胞率显著增加(P<0.01)及导致慧星细胞率和DNA迁移长度显著增加(P<0.01);PM2.5有机提取物引起细胞间通讯的抑制; PM2.5无机提取物未见明显毒作用.结果表明,PM2.5可引起染色体损伤和原发性DNA损伤,抑制细胞间通讯,其毒作用主要由其有机成分引起. 相似文献
132.
133.
为了探讨纳米水滑石与Hela细胞的生物相容性,采用单细胞凝胶电泳法检测了纳米水滑石对Hela细胞DNA的损伤,并采用H2DCF-DA荧光法检测了纳米水滑石对Hela细胞活性氧簇的影响.结果发现,随着纳米水滑石浓度的升高(0~800μg·mL-1),Hela细胞尾部DNA含量、尾距及胞内活性氧簇含量均呈逐渐升高趋势;较低浓度(50、100μg·mL-1)纳米水滑石处理后,Hela细胞尾部DNA含量、尾距及胞内活性氧簇含量与对照组无显著性差异(p>0.05),而较高浓度(200、400、800μg·mL-1)纳米水滑石处理后,Hela细胞尾部DNA含量、尾距及胞内活性氧簇含量与对照组差异显著(p<0.05,p<0.01).以上结果表明,较高浓度(≥200μg·mL-1)的纳米水滑石可对Hela细胞DNA产生损伤,而较低浓度(≤100μg·mL-1)的纳米水滑石则具有较好的生物相容性,有可能作为载体应用于医药领域. 相似文献
134.
分子标记技术在石斛属植物中的应用研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
石斛作为一种名贵中药,近年来受到国内外研究人员的重视.本文对RFLP技术、位点特异性PCR、RAPD技术、AP-PCR技术、AFLP技术、ISSR技术、SRAP技术、DNA序列分析、基因芯片技术等DNA分子标记技术的基本原理和特点作了简要介绍,DNA分子标记技术为石斛类药材的鉴别提供了更加有效、可靠的鉴定方法.综述了近年来上述分子标记技术在石斛属植物中的应用研究进展,总结了这些技术在中药材鉴定中的地位,并对其发展前景做出了展望. 相似文献
135.
甲醛致DNA断裂作用的机制及修复的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用单细胞凝胶电泳技术研究了甲醛致DNA断裂作用、作用机制以及断裂的修复.结果表明,甲醛在低浓度下可以诱导DNA的断裂(P<0.01);该断裂作用可以显著地被羟基自由基(·OH)清除剂甘露醇和二甲基亚砜抑制(P<0.01),以及受到超氧阴离子自由基(O·-2)清除剂超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)显著抑制(P<0.01),但其抑制效果要弱于甘露醇和二甲基亚砜.甲醛引起DNA断裂作用是通过活性氧自由基介导的,且在90min时基本上可被完全修复. 相似文献
136.
Frequency and timing of extrapair fertilisation in the polyandrous red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
James Dale Robert Montgomerie Denise Michaud Peter Boag 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,46(1):50-56
In sequentially polyandrous bird species, where females mate with different males in succession during a single breeding
season, sperm stored by females can occasionally lead to extrapair fertilisations (EPFs) in clutches cared for by the second
and subsequent males. Thus, we predicted that in red phalaropes (Phalaropus fulicarius) – a sex-role-reversed, sequentially polyandrous, arctic breeding shorebird – EPFs would occur more frequently in clutches
laid later in the breeding season. We used multilocus DNA profiling to examine the frequency and timing of EPFs in a population
of red phalaropes breeding in the Canadian high arctic. Using a technique to determine parentage without maternal DNA, we
inferred that 6 of 70 chicks in 18 broods resulted from EPFs – one extrapair chick in each of 6 broods. These results were
supported by a further analysis using microsatellite DNA. As predicted, broods containing EPFs hatched from clutches laid
significantly later in the season than did broods containing no EPFs. The difference in median hatch dates between broods
with and without EPFs was 9.0 days, or 38% of the entire egg-laying period in that season. For the whole breeding season,
we estimated that 6.5% of chicks were sired by extrapair males, which is similar to extrapair paternity estimates for other
sex-role-reversed birds, but relatively low compared to the majority of socially monogamous species studied so far.
Received: 24 August 1998 / Received in revised form: 18 January 1999 / Accepted: 24 January 1999 相似文献
137.
We studied sexual selection in the red bishop, Euplectes orix, a colonial, polygynous weaverbird widely distributed over sub-Saharan Africa. Male reproductive success measured in terms
of the number of nests accepted by females and the number of eggs and nestlings in all the nests on a male's territory varied
considerably. The standardized variance (variance/mean2) in male reproductive success ranged from 0.505 to 1.737 in different years, indicating a high potential for sexual selection
in this species. An analysis of genetic parentage for 432 nestlings by non-radioactive, multilocus DNA fingerprinting confirmed
that male reproductive success (number of young sired on the territory) in this species can be reliably estimated by the measures
introduced above. In all 4 study years there was a strong positive correlation between male mating success and the total number
of nests that males built in their territories. The number of nests built can be partitioned into the number of weeks a male
held a territory and his nest-building performance. Both factors exert a significant positive effect on male mating success
and in combination explained between 53.3 and 86.3% of the variation in male reproductive success. Male morphological characters
were found to be of no importance. Males that established a territory in the following season built more nests and held their
territories for longer than males that did not establish a territory in the following season, suggesting that these measures
might be indicators of male condition and quality. Male nest-building performance (number of nests built per week) seems to
be unrelated to male condition or quality.
Received: 8 January 1999 / Received in revised form: 7 June 1999 / Accepted: 13 June 1999 相似文献
138.
Two potential mechanisms for reducing the level of inbreeding, sex-biased dispersal and kin avoidance, were examined in the
Australian sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa. The home range centres, and the genotypes at four polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci were determined for adult lizards
in a 70-ha study area near Mount Mary, South Australia. From estimates of genetic relatedness, females were as closely related
to other females as they were to males, both within the whole study area, and within home ranges. Similarly, males were as
closely related to other males as they were to females. This suggests that dispersal in the population is not sex-biased.
Sleepy lizards form monogamous pairs during the spring. Partners were less closely related to each other than to other potential
partners in the home range area. This suggests active choice of unrelated partners. The mechanism for recognising related
from unrelated individuals is unknown, but the behaviour could reduce inbreeding.
Received: 7 November 1998 / Accepted: 30 May 1999 相似文献
139.
Kevin R. Foster Perttu Seppä Francis L. W. Ratnieks Peter A. Thorén 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,46(4):252-257
Queen mating frequency was studied in the European hornet, Vespa crabro, by analyzing four DNA microsatellite loci in 20 workers from each of 14 nests. Queens were found to be predominantly singly
mated (9/14), although double (4/14) and triple mating (1/14) also occurred. For most multiply mated queens, paternity was
significantly biased with the majority male fathering on average 80% of the female offspring. The population-wide effective
mating frequency was therefore low (1.11), and sister-sister relatedness high (0.701 ± 0.023 SE). Low effective mating frequency
in Vespa, in combination with data from other vespines, suggests that high paternity frequency is derived in the group. Some problems
with the non-detection of fathers, where the queen was not sampled or shared alleles with males, are analyzed.
Received: 16 November 1998 / Received in revised form: 29 March 1999 / Accepted: 12 April 1999 相似文献
140.