纳氏比色法测定氨氮的改进

减少显色剂中ＨｇＣｌ２，ＫＩ的含量，以聚乙烯醇做胶体稳定剂，显著提高了显色剂的稳定度和显色的稳定度，以ＫＯＨ和酒石酸做缓冲液，保持恒定的显色碱度，同时也隐蔽了金属离子的干扰，从而大大降低了空白吸光度和检测限。废水予处理，通过条件实验，确定了稀释比，稀释水样用絮凝沉淀法或蒸馏法处理，蒸馏时用磷酸盐缓冲液，并降低硼酸吸收液的浓度，提高了回收率。     

纳氏比色法测定NH_3－N的改进

纳氏比色法测定ＮＨ_３－Ｎ的改进张志贵，古力沙拉（新疆克拉玛依市环境监测站，８３４０００）（１）减少显色剂ＨｇＣ１２、ＫＩ含量，选用２５０ｍｌ含ＨｇＣＩ。３ｇ较适宜，其仅为纳氏法用量的３２％（ＫＩ含量为７．ｓｇ）。（２）以聚乙烯醇做稳定剂，显著提高显?..     

大气中硫化氢测定方法研究

对用亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定大气中硫化氢的标准溶液、样品的稳定性、温度对试剂空白的影响等问题进行了一些研究。得出：硫化氢标准使用液用磁性锌氨络盐吸收液配制，冰箱保存至少可稳定２个月；温度对试剂空白值有影响，应根据不同显色温度，确定不同显色时间；绘制标准曲线和样品测定应用同一量器迅速加入显色剂，以提高其灵敏度。     

二氨基联苯胺分光光度法测定水质中硒的方法改进

采用3.3＇-二氨基联苯胺分光光度法对测定水质中硒的方法进行改进，主要研究了样品中硒的测定条件，通过对不同显色波长、酸碱度显色条件、显色剂用量、酸碱度比色条件的研究，得出比较理想的定量分析条件。采用该方法测定硒，显色稳定，准确度、精密度均能达到要求。     

测定甲基托布津的分光光度法的研究

用Ｃｕ＾２＋和甲基托布津在氨碱性条件下作用产生沉淀，离心分离未反应的Ｃｒ＾２＋，经ＣＯ显色剂在柠檬酸缓冲液中显色后，测定溶液中的Ｃｒ＾２＋浓度可间接求得甲基托布律的含量。此方法简便快捷，且可进行微量测定。用本方法与络合滴定法做对照试验。结果能很好的符合。     

用正交试验确定游离性余氯最佳测定条件

在用DPD光度法测定水中余氯时，对水样的pH值、显色时间、显色剂用量和反应温度进行了研究，通过正交试验系统地分析了各因素影响测定结果准确性的程度，并获得最佳的反应条件，表明在该条件下测定水中余氯的准确性优于其他条件下测定的结果。     

HACH氨氮水质自动监测分析仪进口试剂国产化配方研究

分析HACH氨氮自动监测分析仪所用进口试剂配方中氧化剂、显色剂、催化剂、掩蔽剂、缓冲液的组分、试剂用量、反应机理、吸收光谱、酸碱度、发色时间和温度、显色产物的稳定性、灵敏度、干扰及消除,以及存放条件的差异,自行研发国产配方,并将该国产配方试剂与进口试剂做试验比对,结果 2种试剂的效能无显著差异。     

纳氏试剂比色法测定海水中的氨氮

进行了用纳氏试剂比色法直接测定海水中氨氮的试验。试验表明，可用酒石酸钾钠溶液—氢氧化钠溶液作为掩蔽剂排除海水中钙、镁离子对测定的干扰。着重对氢氧化钠溶液用量、显色剂用量和显色时间进行了试验，以用200g／L氢氧化钠溶液2．5mL，纳氏试剂1．5mL，显色25min为最佳测定条件，并对水样中的盐度影响作了考察。氨氮质量浓度在0．01mg／L—0．40mg/L范围内符合比耳定律，检出限为0．01mg／L；平行样相对偏差为9％，加标回收率在91％—108％之间；相对盐度为10—32的海水可以直接测定。     

钼蓝法测定水中总磷方法的研究

改用一种新的氯化亚锡溶液配制方法,增加还原剂氯化亚锡的称量,使显色剂和浓度变大,延长稳定时间,在测定时减少显色剂氯化亚锡溶液的吸取量。经实验对比,表明该法灵敏度、准确度、精密度和溶液稳定性、显色效果等均能满足环境监测的规定要求。     

分光光度法测定地面水Cr^6＋的改进

分光光度法测定地面水中Ｃｒ６＋,一般都采用锌盐沉淀分离以除去水样中悬浮物和色度。分析中加入９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硫酸和７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸及显色剂３种溶液,比色测定。几年来,在测定中发现锌盐沉淀处理水样仍有一定的色度;加入３种溶液显色对测定来说也不够简便。为此,进...     

硫氰酸汞分光光度法测定空气中氯化氢空白值偏高原因分析

通过实验,证明了硫氰酸汞分光光度法测定空气中氯化氢空白值偏高的主要原因,是由于两种显色剂之间相互反应引起的。因此,在测定过程中,显色剂的加入量必须十分准确。     

CN-测定中显色剂配制方法的选择与保存时间

对2种氰化物显色剂配制方法进行了对比，发现用无水乙醇配制的显色剂具有方便，经济，实用，无毒且显色剂保存期长等优势。     

关于使用含混合酸显色剂测定水中六价铬的问题探讨

使用含硫酸和磷酸的二苯碳酰二肼显色剂进行水中六价铬的测定，不仅省时省力，简便快速，且方法切实可行，完全能满足环境监测分析要求。     

Structure and objectives of the Estonian Environmental Monitoring Program

The transition of Estonia from the fragmented character of environmental protection activities of the former Estonian SSR to a centralised national environmental monitoring program is underway. Estonian Environment Information Centre (EEIC) performed as a main developer of the Estonian Monitoring Program (EMP) structure, coordinates the operation of about 60 subprogrammes of EMP.     

Environmental impacts of decommissioning: Onshore versus offshore wind farms

Increasing concerns over climate change have prompted rapid growth of renewable energy over the past few decades, particularly wind energy. However, as the installation of wind farms rises, so will the need for decommissioning and analysis of the environmental impacts associated with decommissioning. This paper investigates how Environmental Impacts Assessments (EIA) identify, estimate and manage potential impacts of decommissioning. EIAs from 12 onshore and offshore windfarms consented between 2009 and 2014 in England and Scotland were analysed and compared. Attributes of these windfarms' Environmental Statements (ES) were scored under six categories: decommissioning in EIA stages, definitions of decommissioning, amount of analysis, depth of analysis, impacts identified, and proactive planning. Onshore windfarms generally tended to investigate the impacts of decommissioning less than offshore windfarms, even those which gained consent in the same year. The investigation of the impact of decommissioning improved for windfarms consented in the latter years of the study period. Across the ESs there was a lack of analysis of potential impacts from decommissioning in their own right: not simply as a reversal of the construction process. The impacts of different end of life scenarios were not analysed in any of the ESs studied. There is evidence to suggest the presence of windfarms, especially offshore, could in some cases be environmentally beneficial for certain species. However, the ecological impact of removing offshore structures at the end of life is unknown and is currently not investigated nor predicted in EIAs. Understanding the potential implications of full or partial removal of marine structures, or alternatives to decommissioning, could ensure that appropriate mitigation is considered at an early stage by both developer and consenting authority. That being said, it is also important to update the assessment of potential impacts over the life of the project as more information on the environment is gathered and end of life plans develop.     

多元线性回归-分光光度法测定电镀排放废水中重金属

采用多元线性回归-分光光度法进行电镀排放废水中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的同时测定研究。以4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚(PAR)为显色剂，探索了同时测定模拟电镀废水中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的实验方法，建立多元线性回归模型。根据实际电镀排放废水中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的质量浓度分布调查结果，设计了测定较低和较高浓度范围2种模型，分别对应不同水质波动程度的电镀企业废水，前者浓度范围设置基本覆盖大多数实际电镀排放废水中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的浓度，且具有较高精度。测定浓度范围较小模型对应水质波动较小的电镀排放废水，模型中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的质量浓度分别为0.32～0.44、0.32～0.50、0.72～0.84 mg/L,平均相对误差MR...     

气相色谱法测定苯酚生产废水中芳香族化合物

建立了用气相色谱法同时测定苯酚生产废水中异丙苯、α-甲基苯乙烯、α-甲基苯甲醇、2-苯基-2-丙醇、苯酚、苯乙酮、2-苯基丙醛等7种芳香族有毒有机污染物的定量分析方法。采用二氯甲烷对水样进行萃取后进行分析测定,气相色谱条件:DB-WAX型色谱柱,FID检测器,程序升温,进样量1μL。方法的检出限、精密度、回收率实验表明,该方法对苯酚生产废水中各污染物组分具有较好的分离效果,对7种物质的检测限均低于0.05 mg/L,5次测定的相对标准偏差小于5%,实际水样的加标回收率大于97%。     

Optimization of pressure gauge locations for water distribution systems using entropy theory

It is essential to select the optimal pressure gauge location for effective management and maintenance of water distribution systems. This study proposes an objective and quantified standard for selecting the optimal pressure gauge location by defining the pressure change at other nodes as a result of demand change at a specific node using entropy theory. Two cases are considered in terms of demand change: that in which demand at all nodes shows peak load by using a peak factor and that comprising the demand change of the normal distribution whose average is the base demand. The actual pressure change pattern is determined by using the emitter function of EPANET to reflect the pressure that changes practically at each node. The optimal pressure gauge location is determined by prioritizing the node that processes the largest amount of information it gives to (giving entropy) and receives from (receiving entropy) the whole system according to the entropy standard. The suggested model is applied to one virtual and one real pipe network, and the optimal pressure gauge location combination is calculated by implementing the sensitivity analysis based on the study results. These analysis results support the following two conclusions. Firstly, the installation priority of the pressure gauge in water distribution networks can be determined with a more objective standard through the entropy theory. Secondly, the model can be used as an efficient decision-making guide for gauge installation in water distribution systems.     

Identification of hotspots using different statistical methods in a region of manufacturing plants

Incident electromagnetic radiation hitting the Earth’s surface shows three phenomena as absorptivity, reflectivity and transmissivity where sum of the three is equal to one. The transmissivity is zero when the surface is opaque. There is a strong relationship between absorptivity and emissivity that is explained by Kirchhoff’s Law. Emissivity is managed by the thermal radiation on the Earth’s surface. Thermal radiation related with the heat transfer of the electromagnetic radiation is controlled by passing energy of atoms and molecules. There are different sources of energy other than the Sun such as geothermal activities, volcanoes and manufacturing plants that contributes to the emissivity of the surface. The thermal radiation produced by manufacturing plants contributes to the Earth’s surface temperature as well.In this study, land surface temperatures were estimated by using inverse Planck function from five Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer remote-sensing satellite sensor thermal infrared bands. It is aimed to highlight hotspots related to manufacturing plants in the region of Kocaeli, Turkey. The hotspots are examined statistically with the minimum noise fraction, the independent component analysis, the local Moran’s I index and the Getis-Ord G_i index methods by using land surface temperatures.