共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 91 毫秒
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对兰州市春季不同功能区大气降尘有机质中多环芳烃(PAHs)种类进行分析,采用GC/MS法检出了大气降尘中有机质USEPA优控PAHs有11种以上,含量较高的集中于萘(NAP)、荧蒽(FLUA)、菲(PHE)、芘(PYR)、[艹屈](CHR),占各采样点PAHs总量的70%以上。源解析表明兰州市各功能区大气降尘PAHs来源不仅有较高的燃煤源、交通源(汽车尾气),同时PAHs的组成与分布也在很大程度上受到采样点周围居民居住环境的影响。对照有关的沉积物质量标志水平,兰州市城关区各站点都有PAHs浓度超出相应质量警戒水平,属高生态风险区 相似文献
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于2006年4月到2007年8月在泰安市城北设立采样点收集降水样品,对样品中的13种美国环保署(US EPA)优控多环芳烃(PAHs)及NO3-、SO42-等无机阴、阳离子进行了定量分析.测定结果表明,雨水样品中∑13PAHs含量范围在11.3~179.4ng/L之间,平均浓度为89.8ng/L;NO3-、SO42-分别在16.35~186.4ueq/L及53.83~721.9ueq/L之间;样品中无机阴、阳离子总和之比∑(+)/∑(-)的平均值为0.93.相关分析表明,样品中菲、芴、萤蒽等3、4环多环芳烃化合物含量较高;样品中的PAHs浓度与季节存在一定的相关性,但与样品中的NO3-、SO42-浓度间无明显的相关性;样品中的多环芳烃主要来源于煤炭、木材及石油的不完全燃烧. 相似文献
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广州近郊主干道(广佛公路)机动车排放有机污染物监测与研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
气溶胶采样点位于广州近郊主干道(广佛公路)边缘及两侧.采样分两种时间类型,一种为白天和夜晚分别采样,另一种为连续24h采样,连续采集三天,以作对比研究.使用仪器为国产大体积采样器.样品经超声波抽提和层析柱分离得到正构烷烃、芳烃(AHs)和极性组分等三种有机组分.对PAHs进行GC-MS分析,气溶胶中具有较高含量的芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、茬、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、茚并[1,2,3一cd]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并[g,h,i]苝等.通过TSP研究认为,主干道的机动车排放和扬尘是气溶胶的主要来源,多环芳烃从机动车排放出后在迁移扩散过程中因质量数差异而发生分离效应.通过对比可知,该区域测点多环芳烃有机污染物极大程度地高出环境背景区. 相似文献
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2006年秋冬两季图们市大气气溶胶中多环芳烃分布规律 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
大气气溶胶是目前大多数城市的首要污染物,其中的多环芳烃是对人体健康危害最大的环境污染物之一。通过图们市2006年9月、12月4个采样点的大气气溶胶样品分析,研究了大气气溶胶中多环芳烃的分布规律。采用超声波萃取法提取样品中的多环芳烃,然后对其进行旋蒸浓缩,氮气吹至1ml,用高效液相色谱进行定性和定量分析。实验结果表明,美国EPA优先控制的16种多环芳烃普遍存在于图们市区的大气气溶胶中。图们市不同时空大气气溶胶中多环芳烃的分布具有一定的规律性。 相似文献
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燃煤电厂烟气降温过程中多环芳烃分布特征 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
分别以燃用褐煤与烟煤无烟煤的2个电厂为例,研究2个电厂烟气降温过程中多环芳烃的分布及转化特征。研究表明,萘、菲、苯并[a]蒽和苯并[a]芘4种多环芳烃在烟气降温过程中呈过渡分子状态,在适当的条件下,存在相互转化的可能性;萘、菲、苯并[a]蒽和苯并[a]芘在不同的电厂随飞灰粒径变化所表现出来的吸附特性不同,颗粒的粒度影响多环芳烃的形成与吸附。在烟气降温过程中飞灰表面吸附的萘、菲、苯并[a]蒽和苯并[a]芘含量随着飞灰粒径的变小呈现出逐渐增加的趋势。 相似文献
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Qi Shihua Yan Jun Zhang Gan Fu Jiamo Sheng Guoying Wang Zhishi S. M. Tong U. W. Tang Min Yunshun 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,72(2):115-127
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), widespread environmental pollutants, have been measured in aerosols and dustfall in Macao. In this paper, we compare concentration distributions and determine the partitioning of PAHs in aerosols and dustfall for different areas, sampling times and sampling heights. The results demonstrate that the concentrations of PAHs in aerosols and dustfall vary at the different sites and heights. The concentrations of PAHs and most of the individual PAHs in aerosols at night were higher than those in the daytime when using the unit of g/g and lower than those when using the unit of g m-3. It is shown that the distribution of individual PAHs in aerosols differs significantly from that in dustfall. 相似文献
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中国表层水体沉积物中多环芳烃源解析及评价 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
采用索氏提取气相色谱-质谱法测定中国6个重点水体表层沉积物中16种多环芳烃的含量。各化合物含量范围分别为长江6.20~163 ng/g、淮河7.90~249 ng/g、海河12.1~401 ng/g、松花江5.75~152 ng/g、太湖29.1~2 810 ng/g和滇池19.1~795ng/g;16种多环芳烃的总量分别为:长江1 147 ng/g、淮河1 723 ng/g、海河2 595 ng/g、松花江793 ng/g、太湖12472 ng/g、滇池3 714 ng/g,属中等污染水平。利用特征分子比值法分析结果表明6条水体表层沉积物中PAHs均可能以燃料(包括柴油、汽油、煤、木材)燃烧以及焦化污染为主。淮河和滇池还可能存在轻微石油泄漏污染。利用沉积物质量基准法(SQGs)和沉积物质量标准法分别对6条水体表层沉积物中多环芳烃的风险评估表明严重的多环芳烃生态风险在这些水体表层沉积物中不存在,但长江、淮河、松花江、海河均可能存在一定的潜在风险,负面生物毒性效应会偶尔发生,风险主要来源于荧蒽和菲。太湖和滇池水体中存在的潜在多环芳烃风险种类较多,风险主要来源于菲、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、苊和蒽,对水生生物毒性效应较高,有必要进行更深入细致的调查研究高风险区域底栖生物的受损状况、污染来源和途径,以制定合理的污染控制对策。 相似文献
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对兰州市春季不同功能区大气降尘有机质中PAHs种类的分析,检出了大气降尘中有机质USEPA优控PAHs有11种以上,含量较高的萘、荧蒽、菲、芘、,占各采样点PAHs总量的70%以上。源解析表明,兰州市各功能区大气降尘中PAHs来源不仅有较高的燃煤源、交通源(汽车尾气),同时PAHs的组成与分布也在很大程度上受到采样点周围居民居住环境的影响。 相似文献
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在克拉玛依市中心城区布设4个采样点,在供暖期和非供暖期分别同步采集4个点位大气中不同粒径的颗粒物,采用HPLC进行分析并计算2个采样期内PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度和种类。结果表明:中心城区供暖期PM_(10)中PAHs浓度为56.19 ng/m3,PM_(2.5)中PAHs浓度为48.85 ng/m3;中心城区非供暖期PM_(10)中PAHs浓度为18.86 ng/m~3,PM_(2.5)中PAHs浓度为14.53 ng/m~3。不同采样期PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中PAHs浓度变化趋势相同,均为供暖期明显大于非供暖期。中心城区供暖期大气颗粒物吸附的PAHs以4环以下的组份为主,非供暖期则是5~6环的高环数组份偏多。分析结果表明克拉玛依市中心城区供暖期颗粒物中PAHs来源于燃煤排放叠加机动车排放,与中心城区集中供热锅炉关系密切;非供暖期则是以机动车排放污染为主。 相似文献
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Piyush Kant Pandey Khageshwar Singh Patel Jan Lenicek 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1999,59(3):287-319
This paper reports the PAHs levels in the atmosphere of an urbanised industrial site of India. A high-resolution capillary gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometric detector (HRCGC-MS) and a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) equipped with a fluorescence detector were used for the identification and quantitation of PAHs. The atmospheric levels of PAHs were higher (4.66 ng/m3 yearly average) than most of the concentrations previously reported in the literature. Indian sites were found more contaminated with potently carcinogenic: four and above ringed PAHs. Based on a good correlation between the levels of lead, vanadium, BaP and BghiP, the vehicular emission appears to be a major source of the PAHs. Further, the higher levels of observed PAHs could be attributed to the vertical distribution of the aerosols, the preference of the PAHs for the particulate phase and the greater availability of the substrate in the atmosphere for their sorption. This paper also discusses the need for development of a PAHs monitoring protocol and related health effect studies in developing countries such as India. 相似文献
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通过对鞍山市(1个工业区、2个工业区周边、3个居住区、1个对照点)2015年1月采暖期大气PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃(PAHs)的监测,采用BaP当量致毒系数TEF,分析了鞍山市大气PM_(2.5)中典型PAHs毒性当量分布特征。研究表明,鞍山市大气PM2.5中工业区及工业区周边Ba P毒性当量浓度要远高于居住区和对照点,污染物主要由4~6环的PAHs组成,很强致癌BaP当量浓度为9.351~38.59 ng/m3。 相似文献
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太原市气悬颗粒物上多环芳烃的测量与分布研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
2 0 0 1年 3月下旬 ,在太原市建成区均匀布设 1 5个网格点 ,利用新型便携式仪器 ,连续 5天监测了各点大气颗粒物上多环芳烃 (PPAHs)的浓度。结果表明 ,PPAHs浓度范围为 3 6ng/m3~ 3 1 3 ng/m3;全市上下午平均浓度为 1 3 9ng/m3;上午浓度平均值是下午的 2倍 ;全市空间分布整体上由北向南逐渐降低 ,东北部最重 ,东南部最轻 ;不同功能区的污染程度依次为 :一电厂化工区 >太钢工业区 >桃园商业区 >太行居民区。本文还着重探讨了污染分布的成因 ,并提出了改善大气质量的建议。 相似文献
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Distributions, sources and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in topsoil at Ji’nan city, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Surface soil (0-5 cm) samples from 17 sampling sites including different functional areas at Ji'nan city in Shandong Province of China were collected and analyzed for 16 EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The total PAH concentrations were in the range from 1.31 mg kg(-1) to 254.08 mg kg(-1) (dry weight), and the average level of total PAHs was 23.25 mg kg(-1). The highest total PAHs concentrations were found in steel and iron plant at industrial areas. The total PAHs concentrations in industrial areas were markedly higher than those in other different functional areas. According to comparing total PAHs concentration in Ji'nan city to that of other urban areas, it was found that total PAHs concentrations were 6 to 137 times higher than other areas because of some specific sampling sites such as steel and iron plant and one main roadside. The results showed that PAHs in topsoil of Ji'nan city were suffered from strong pyrogenic influence, especially in industrial areas. However about 52.9% soil samples were mainly originated from both pyrogenic and petrogenic mixed sources based on Flu/Pyr ratios and Phe/Ant ratios. Furthermore, It was found that all individual PAHs except Fle were significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with LMW, HMW, total PAHs and SOM, and individual PAHs except Fle in soils were significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with each other. The nemerow composite index to assess the environmental quality showed that the soil sample of steel and iron plant in industrial areas and one main roadside were heavy pollution of PAHs, and about 47% soil sampling sites were safety, about 53% soil sampling sites were got different grades of PAHs pollution. 相似文献