电极尺寸对介质阻挡放电冷等离子体去除NO的影响

设计了一套高压电源装置以及相应的同轴圆柱—简介质阻挡放电管，研究了放电管中心电极直径以及介质层管内径变化对放电冷等离子体去除NO的影响。实验结果表明，这2种电极尺寸的变化对NO去除率有显著的影响。中心电极直径的增加，有助于增强放电，但同时减小了反应空间；介质层管内径增加，延长停留时间的同时放电的强度却相应减弱了。所以中心电极的直径或介质层的内径均应有一最佳值，使得其他条件不变的情况下NO的去除效果最佳。     

双极性高压脉冲介质阻挡放电脱硝实验参数优化研究

为提高机动车尾气中NO_x的去除率,采用了介质阻挡放电对NO_x进行处理,研究了介质阻挡放电反应器在不同介质参数、放电参数和气体参数条件下对NO_x去除的影响,优化了双极性高压脉冲放电的反应参数。结果表明:当放电极为直径10mm的螺纹铜棒,介质管为内径16mm、介质厚度1.5mm的石英玻璃管,放电间隙为3mm,放电长度为28cm,放电频率为60Hz,O_2体积分数为6%,NO_x初始质量浓度为536mg/m~3,气体流量为1.1L/min,单向脉冲电压为12kV,C_2H_2与NOx质量浓度比为1.5时,NO转化率和NO_x去除率分别为64.56%和22.57%。     

应用冷等离子体净化尾气中NO的研究

本文设计了轻便的电晕放电装置 ,并用其进行了冷等离子体去除NO的实验研究 ,得到了NO的去除率随放电管的输入功率、NO的初始浓度以及气体的流量而变化的对比曲线。在流量较小 (≤ 0 .0 5m3 /h)或者浓度较低 (≤ 15 0×10 -6)的情况下 ,本文所设计的装置去除NO的效果较好 (>80 % )。该装置体积小、重量轻、功耗低 ,加以改进 ,对于实际的汽车尾气排放控制 ,具有良好的应用前景     

介质阻挡放电对湖泊水华蓝藻的去除

采用介质阻挡放电等离子体技术去除太湖水华蓝藻,考察了放电输出功率、空气流速、添加剂(异丙醇、腐植酸)等对蓝藻去除的影响。结果表明,介质阻挡放电能去除太湖水华蓝藻,放电功率100 W,空气流速1.0 L/min,放电18min,在光照强度2 000 lx和25℃下培养4 d,初始叶绿素a浓度为9.58 mg/L藻液中蓝藻去除率达87.8%。增加放电输出功率和空气流速能提高蓝藻的去除效率;腐植酸促进了介质阻挡放电对蓝藻的去除;而异丙醇添加剂抑制了介质阻挡放电的作用。放电处理后,蓝藻细胞内类胡萝卜素含量、SOD活性、MDA含量发生明显变化,介质阻挡放电破坏了蓝藻细胞内含物。     

海绵铁作为渗透反应墙介质去除地下水中NO3--N的初步研究

采用孔隙率高、比表面积大的海绵铁作为渗透反应墙(PRB)介质,通过3批动态实验讨论了海绵铁+锰砂单层介质、海绵铁+锰砂+活性炭单层介质,以及海绵铁+锰砂和活性炭的双层介质对地下水中NO3--N的去除效果.结果表明,经过292 h的PRB动态实验,填充海绵铁+锰砂单层介质、海绵铁+锰砂+活性炭单层介质、海绵铁+锰砂与活性炭双层介质的反应器的NO3--N去除率分别达到了70.65％、84.22％、88.09％,采用海绵铁与活性炭的单层介质或双层介质的反应器对地下水中NO3--N和TN的去除效果显著增强,出水中NH4+-N浓度相对也有所降低；扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析结果表明,经过PRB动态实验后,海绵铁表面覆盖了厚厚的膜,微孔隙被许多新的物质堵塞,这会导致海绵铁的氧化还原反应能力减弱,阻碍地下水中NO3--N的进一步还原去除,这也是以后实际应用中需要解决的问题.     

低温等离子体处理柴油机NOx和PM试验研究

建立了一种具有较强实用性的介质阻挡放电等离子体反应器试验装置.借助静态试验研究其放电特性,通过发动机台架试验探讨了利用低温等离子体处理柴油机2种主要有害排放物NOx和PM的效果和化学反应机理,并通过模拟试验作了处理PM的进一步验证.试验结果表明,放电功率对于低温等离子体活性成分的产生有重要影响,应当优选放电参数以获得高的放电功率从而达到更好的处理效果;采用低温等离子体处理柴油机排气,NOx总量变化不大,主要将NO转化成NO2;低温等离子体可以有效去除柴油机排气中的PM,去除率随能量密度的增大而提高.     

介质阻挡放电处理甲苯及其放电参量的研究

采用等离子体反应器介质阻挡放电产生低温等离子体处理甲苯,在分析负载等效电路的基础上,利用电压-电荷Lis-sajous图形法对气体放电过程中的放电参量进行测量研究,并探讨了相关工况参数对甲苯去除率的影响.研究结果表明,该反应器所得能量随着电压的增大而增大;气隙等效电容随着外加电压和气隙厚度的增大而减小;电压较低时.电介质等效电容变化不大,随着电压的增大迅速升高,当电压达到一定值后,电介质等效电容变化平缓;该反应器采用粗电极对甲苯的去除率优于细电极;甲苯的去除率随着放电功率的上升而提高,但是能量效率却呈降低的趋势.此外,研究发现甲苯的初始浓度与气体流量与甲苯的去除率呈反比,而与甲苯的绝对去除量呈正比.     

介质阻挡放电协同Ag/Al_2O_3对NO_x脱除的影响

为有效去除发电厂烟气中产生的NOx,利用介质阻挡放电(DBD)产生低温等离子体并结合催化剂Ag/Al2O3进行烟气脱硝实验,研究了在加入乙烯的条件下,平均负载量、催化温度和装置的布置方式对NOx脱除的影响。结果表明,随着负载的增多,NO脱除率呈现先增大后减小的趋势,5种负载量中最佳为1.76%;随着催化温度的升高,NO脱除率同样呈现先增大后减小的趋势,最佳的催化温度为150℃左右;3种不同布置方式对NO和NOx脱除有明显差别,单独催化剂在NO和NOx的脱除率都比较低;单独介质阻挡放电NO脱除率很高,但是NOx很却很低;而两者结合在NO和NOx都达到了很好的效果。     

强电离放电脱除NO的化学反应动力学模拟

强电离放电脱除NO是集化学、物理学和环境工程学为一体的交叉学科,其脱除过程本质上是等离子体中进行的一系列微观过程,难以通过实验进行直接研究。故通过建立强电离放电脱除模拟烟气中NO的化学模型并运用MATLAB对其进行数值模拟以探讨NO的去除机理。数值模拟结果表明,在800μs内产生大量·O和·OH,而仅产生少量·N,由此可知NO的去除主要是通过与·O和·OH的氧化反应生成HNO_3实现的,在脱除过程中NO先被氧化成NO_2,再进一步被转化成HNO_3。同时,通过实验验证了所建立模型的合理性。实验结果表明:随着NO初始浓度的增加,NO脱除效率逐渐下降;随着含氧量的增加,NO脱除效率显著增大。     

能量注入对放电等离子体去除气相苯系物的影响

采用正极性高压直流供电和串齿线放电极--管式接地极构成的放电等离子体反应器,研究了苯系物(苯、甲苯和对二甲苯)去除效率与供电电压之间的关系,以及放电极齿轮数对苯系物去除效率、COx(CO2 CO)生成量和能量效率的影响.研究结果表明,苯系物的去除效率、COx生成量皆随电压升高而增大.随着电压升高,能量效率先升后降,当电压为11 kV左右时,能量效率最高.对应放电齿轮数为31的苯系物去除效率、COx生成量和能量效率皆高于放电齿轮数为55或7,这表明对应特定的等离子体反应器,有一最佳放电齿数匹配.     

Removal of gaseous elemental mercury by dielectric barrier discharge

The removal of elemental mercury (Hg(0)) with the reactive species produced from dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was studied. The effects of the operating parameters, such as the applied voltage, residence time, initial concentration and co-existence of other pollutants, were investigated. The removal of Hg(0) was significantly promoted by an increase in the applied voltage of the DBD reactor system. The presence of NO gas decreased the Hg(0) removal efficiency within the range of input powers tested compared to the case of Hg(0)-only due to the competition for ozone between Hg(0) and NO gas in the DBD reactor.     

A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) method for removal of CS2 from gas streams at atmospheric pressure

A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) reactor that utilizes a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma and 207 nm UV radiation from discharge-driven KrBr^* excimers was designed and constructed. Gas streams containing CS₂ were treated with stand-alone DBD and CPP at atmospheric pressure. In comparison to DBD, CPP greatly enhanced the removal efficiency at the same applied voltage, waste gas concentration and gas residence time. Thus the applied voltage could be reduced to a certain extent in the plasma processing of industrial wastes. Influences of the KrBr^* radiation, inlet CS₂ concentration and gas residence time on CS₂ removal by CPP were also studied. In addition, the likely reaction mechanisms for the removal of CS₂ by CPP are suggested based on the byproducts analysis. The enhanced removal efficiency and reaction mechanisms implied that the CPP process would probably be suitable for the removal of a large number of gaseous pollutants.     

低温等离子体氧化水中难降解有机物研究

实验将介质阻挡放电与电晕放电组合在同一个反应器内,实验废水为直接大红染料溶液,将高压电极上通人50 Hz交流高压电,介质阻挡放电系统的电极间距为30 mm、电晕放电系统电极间距为25 mm、电源电压20 kV,利用常压空气中形成的雾化水电极介质阻挡放电/电晕放电低温等离子体及其活性基团作用于难降解有机物分子.实验分析了...     

介质阻挡放电净化硫化氢气体的实验研究

采用介质阻挡放电等离子体技术净化恶臭气体硫化氢。考察了电压、频率、硫化氢初始浓度以及停留时间对硫化氢净化效果的影响。结果表明,介质阻挡放电可以有效消除硫化氢污染,硫化氢净化率随电压、频率以及停留时间的增加而升高,随硫化氢初始浓度增加而下降。当电压≥19kV,频率为300Hz,停留时间为1.56s,硫化氢初始质量浓度为30.1mg/m3时,硫化氢净化率接近100%。     

Simultaneous removal of nitrogen oxide/nitrogen dioxide/sulfur dioxide from gas streams by combined plasma scrubbing technology

Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) [nitrogen oxide (NO) + nitrogen dioxide (NO2)] and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are removed individually in traditional air pollution control technologies. This study proposes a combined plasma scrubbing (CPS) system for simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx. CPS consists of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and wet scrubbing in series. DBD is used to generate nonthermal plasmas for converting NO to NO2. The water-soluble NO2 then can be removed by wet scrubbing accompanied with SO2 removal. In this work, CPS was tested with simulated exhausts in the laboratory and with diesel-generator exhausts in the field. Experimental results indicate that DBD is very efficient in converting NO to NO2. More than 90% removal of NO, NOx, and SO2 can be simultaneously achieved with CPS. Both sodium sulfide (Na2S) and sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) scrubbing solutions are good for NO2 and SO2 absorption. Energy efficiencies for NOx and SO2 removal are 17 and 18 g/kWh, respectively. The technical feasibility of CPS for simultaneous removal of NO, NO2, and SO2 from gas streams is successfully demonstrated in this study. However, production of carbon monoxide as a side-product (approximately 100 ppm) is found and should be considered.     

制取高浓度臭氧水的实验研究

采用介质阻挡强电离放电技术制取高浓度臭氧 ,使用射流器和气液溶解分离器溶解臭氧制取高浓度臭氧水。讨论了应用臭氧量、气液比、系统压力和气液溶解方式对臭氧水浓度和臭氧有效溶解效率的影响     

滤料负载粉尘层对气态汞脱除性能的实验研究

通过不同性能纤维滤料负载燃煤飞灰粉尘层,来模拟袋式除尘器滤袋表面粉尘附着层,进而研究袋滤器用不同性能纤维滤料和粉尘附着层对燃煤烟气中Hg0的联合脱除性能。在固定床实验系统上分别进行了不同纤维滤料和燃煤飞灰粉尘层,以及经实验优选得到的华博特滤料负载燃煤飞灰粉尘层脱除燃煤烟气中Hg0的实验研究。结果表明,燃煤飞灰粉尘层和华博特滤料对Hg0分别有一定的脱除作用,脱除效率可达35%和42.5%,它们对Hg0的脱除是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的结果;同时,华博特滤料负载燃煤飞灰粉尘层对Hg0的联合脱除效率受到吸附反应温度、入口汞浓度和烟气停留时间等因素的影响,最佳脱汞率可达64.4%;吸附反应温度越高,脱除效率越低;烟气停留时间越大,脱除效率越高;入口汞浓度的提高并不一定提高华博特滤料负载飞灰粉尘层的脱汞效果。     

脉冲电晕反应器结构对乙硫醇消除效果的影响

研究了脉冲电晕等离子体反应器结构的变化对乙硫醇消除效果的影响规律。结果表明，在反应器内设置折流板，可以增加气流的湍动程度，有利于活性粒子与污染物的充分接触，从而提高消除率。高压电极间距对电晕区范围及消毒效果有较大影响，间距较小将导致各电极产生的电场相互干扰明显，消除率减小；而电极间距过大，虽然电极间电场分布相互干扰小，但是反应器内可排布的电极数减少，总电晕区减少，消除率也减小。根据实验结果，电极间距设置为50 mm比较合理。另外，在相同的电场强度和脉冲频率下，毛刺形高压电极比线电极结构能耗低，能量利用率高。     

Photolysis of low concentration H2S under UV/VUV irradiation emitted from microwave discharge electrodeless lamps

The photolysis of simulating low concentration of hydrogen sulfide malodorous gas was studied under UV irradiation emitted by self-made microwave discharge electrodeless lamps (i.e. microwave UV electrodeless mercury lamp (185/253.7 nm) and iodine lamp (178.3/180.1/183/184.4/187.6/206.2 nm)). Experiments results showed that the removal efficiency (eta H2S) of hydrogen sulfide was decreased with increasing initial H2S concentration and increased slightly with gas residence time; H2S removal efficiency was decreased dramatically with enlarged pipe diameter. Under the experimental conditions with pipe diameter of 36 mm, gas flow rate of 0.42 standard l s(-1), eta H2S was 52% with initial H2S concentration of 19.5 mg m(-3) by microwave mercury lamp, the absolute removal amount (ARA) was 4.30 microg s(-1), and energy yield (EY) was 77.3 mg kW h(-1); eta H2S was 56% with initial H2S concentration of 18.9 mg m(-3) by microwave iodine lamp, the ARA was 4.48 microg s(-1), and the EY was 80.5mg kW h(-1). The main photolysis product was confirmed to be SO4(2-) with IC.