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排序方式: 共有125条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
31.
对五种养殖生物进行二噁英类化合物污染水平和指纹特征的研究结果显示,鱼、虾、蟹、扇贝和牡蛎的平均浓度分别是0.35pg·g-1,0.57pg·g-1,0.62pg·g-1,0.11pg·g-1和1.38pg·g-1.OCDD是五种养殖生物的最主要污染物,其次是2,3,7,8-TCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD和OCDF. 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD和2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF是五种养殖生物中二噁英毒性最主要的贡献者.初步认为,生活习性的差异是造成五种不同养殖生物二噁英污染水平差异的重要原因. 相似文献
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研究了自然水体介质中白腐菌射脉侧菌(Phlebia radiata)I-5-6对二英类物质2,7-二氯二苯并英(2,7-diCDD)和八氯二苯并呋喃(OCDF)的降解规律.结果显示,在自然河水为介质的培养环境中,2,7-diCDD随着江水加入量的递增,降解率逐步下降,但这种影响随着培养时间的延长而逐步减弱.白腐菌处理OCDF底物的效果并不理想,经过12d处理后,降解率最高只达到36.00%,这很可能是由于OCDF已经高度氧化,再要对它进行氧化降解比较困难. 相似文献
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Fuster G Schuhmacher M Domingo JL 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(4):241-249
Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) is an important instrument that allows for the undertaking of environmental management for a specific contaminant. 'Control Analysis' is a tool that assesses the effect on a target flow of changes in flows forming part of a control basis set. The purpose of the present study was to perform a modeling of the annual PCDD/F flows in Tarragona Province and to apply the model for human health risk assessment. The validation of the model has been evaluated by comparing estimated fluxes with experimental values. Eleven subsystems, as well as a set of 88 flows of the system in Tarragona Province were considered. The total PCDD/F accumulation in Tarragona Province was between 62.6 and 159.5 g I-TEQ/y. Accumulation in sediments (27.9-74.6 g I-TEQ/y) and soils (35.0-80.8 g I-TEQ/y) are the two principal modes of deposition. Estimated flow in human adipose tissue means a mean intake of PCDD/F (via ingestion and inhalation) of 243 pg I-TEQ/person/day. The food chain pathway accounts for 99% of the total daily intake. As a result of the simulation, a 100% decrease in industrial emissions would cause a 1.7% reduction in the PCDD/F accumulation in humans. In turn, a 100% reduction of PCDD/Fs in the industrial waste waters would cause only an insignificant 0.1% decrease in the accumulation of PCDD/Fs in humans. 相似文献
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Fuster G Schuhmacher M Domingo JL 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2001,8(2):91-94
The present study was intended to establish an inventory of PCDD/F emissions in Tarragona Province (Catalonia, NE Spain), as a preliminary phase in the development of a flow analysis of PCDD/Fs in this Province. In 1999, global PCDD/F emissions reached a value of 2.24 g I-TEQ/y, which means a density of 3.8 micrograms I-TEQ/inhabitant/y. The low amount of PCDD/Fs emitted to air by the only municipal solid waste incinerator in the Province (approximately 0.04% of the total) has been one of the most notable results. As a reflection of uncertainties in the estimates for individual sources, the 90th percentiles of PCDD/F releases for 1999 ranged up to 4.1 g I-TEQ/y. 相似文献
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Isosaari P Tuhkanen T Vartiainen T 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2004,11(3):181-185
GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of olive oil on the photodegradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in contaminated sawmill soil. Previous studies had shown that the solubility of PCDD/Fs in olive oil is high and a rapid photodegradation of PCDD/Fs takes place in olive oil when irradiated with ultraviolet (blacklight) lamps. The efficiency of this treatment method was evaluated under more practical conditions. These included the use of sunlight irradiation and a lower-grade olive oil, without a preliminary extraction of soil with olive oil. METHODS: A 1-cm layer of contaminated sawmill soil was blended with 20 weight-% of olive oil and exposed to sunlight for four weeks. In another experiment, a new dose of olive oil was added at the middle of the exposure period. The PCDD/F concentrations of the soils were monitored periodically. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A reduction in the concentration of 2,3,7,8-chlorinated PCDD/Fs by 59% and in WHO-TEQ in contaminated sawmill soil by 48% was attained after blending the soil with two doses (20 + 20%) of olive oil and exposing the mixture to sunlight for four weeks. Photodegradation with only one dose of olive oil was less efficient. This suggests that periodical additions of olive oil would be needed to maintain a proper degradation rate. After the oil additions, the WHO-TEQ content of the soil declined with first order reaction half-lives of 19.2 to 19.7 d. The overall half-life during the four-week treatment, however, was 30 d. CONCLUSION: A significant reduction in the PCDD/F concentration of aged sawmill soil can be achieved with a relatively simple olive oil-sunlight treatment. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: Some theoretical and technological questions need to be solved before using the investigated soil decontamination method in larger-scale applications. The functions of vegetable oils in photodegradation processes should be studied in more detail. The amount of oil that is needed for a proper solubilisation and photodegradation of PCDD/Fs should be minimised. Moreover, special care should be taken to prevent mobilisation of PCDD/Fs to the surrounding environment and to avoid leaving bioavailable residuals of PCDD/Fs in soil. 相似文献
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垃圾焚烧是二噁英重要来源之一。本文对城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设施排烟和设施周边的二噁英浓度进行实测与分析,结果表明,合理控制垃圾焚烧锅炉运行工况,可以有效控制焚烧过程中二恶英生成,使其达到国家排放标准。 相似文献
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HU Zhan-bo Saman Wijesekara R.G. Ronald R. Navarro WU De-yi ZHANG Da-lei Masatoshi Matsumur KONG Hai-nan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2006,18(5):989-994
Few studies have dealt on the evaluation of volatilization and decomposition reactions of dioxins from sediment by oxygen free pyrolysis. In this study, the performance of pyrolysis on the removal of dioxins from sediment was investigated. Dioxin concentrations of the raw sediment and the solid residues after pyrolysis were analyzed at different conditions. Results showed a removal efficiency of 99.9999% for total dioxins at 800℃ and retention time of 30 min. All the polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs) have been removed and were not formed in the solid residues at the retention time range of 30-90 min at 800℃. Close to 100% removal of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) was also achieved. Only trace PCDDs were detected in the solid yields at a retention time of 60 min. The highest removal efficiency of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was more than 99.9994% at a retention time of 30 min. During cooling period following pyrolysis, however, the concentration of total dioxins in solid residues increased 130 times as compared to that of the raw sediment under air atmosphere. This confirmed that some complex reactions do occur to form PCDD/Fs and PCBs from 800 to 400℃ in the presence of oxygen. Oxygen-free atmosphere therefore can prevent formation of dioxin during thermal process thus generating clean solid residues. 相似文献
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