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排序方式: 共有125条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
Lars‐Owe Kjeller 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1-2):61-86
This article investigates available environmental data from measurements of the everywhere present contaminants polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in dated trends in sediment, soil and herbage from locales in Europe and North America. The PCDD/F data are examined in relation to potential major PCDD/F sources based on volume: wood and coal, example of natural combustion; pentachlorophenol (PnCP), example of chlorinated aro‐matics; and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pyrolysis, example of chlorinated aliphatic. Collected PCDD/F data of congener sums and 2, 3, 7, 8‐substituted congener (PCDD/F profiles) have been investigated with multivariate methods: principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares projection to latent structures model (PLS). The results show that PCDD/F data from 12 locales can be separated in one to three independent profiles. Normally one profile is related to the PCDD/F found in PnCP and another to combustion. A subtype of the ‘PnCP’ and ‘combustion’ profiles indicates PCDD/F contributions from PVC‐related combustions. The environmental profiles exhibit some differences from the suggested sources. The relatively unprotected PCDD/F related to PnCP is suggested to have passed photolytic and/or thermal dechlorinations. Lower‐chlorinated congeners in environmental profiles related to combustion appear to have been influenced by environmental distribution processes. PCDD/F data before industrial production of chlorinated organics have only limited similarity to PCDD/F in technical PnCP profiles; an average 4.6% of the PCDD/F is related to PnCP. This suggests that PnCP similarity in recent deposition profiles cannot be a result of environmental transformation. The average proportion of PnCP‐related PCDD/F profile in recent depositions is 35% with North America high (average 57%) and Europe low (average 24%). 相似文献
82.
将五氯酚钠(Na-PCP)与二(噁)英(2,3,7,8-TCDD)作为受试物,观察了人外周血淋巴细胞的彗星率和微核率.结果显示:Na-PCP与二噁英各质量浓度组的彗星率与微核率均比阴性对照组有明显的增高(P<0.001),而且随着质量浓度的增加而增高,呈明显的剂量-效应关系;阴性对照组与助溶剂对照组没有明显差异(P>0.05);Na-PCP与二(噁)英(2,3,7,8-TCDD)会对人外周血淋巴细胞的DNA造成损伤,而且随着质量浓度的增加,其对DNA的损伤将更加严重;Na-PCP对人外周血淋巴细胞造成的损伤为联合毒性所致. 相似文献
83.
研究了某大型焦化厂的选择性催化还原(SCR)装置对焦炉煤气燃烧废气中典型非故意产生持久性有机污染物(UPPOPs)的脱除效果,对SCR装置入口和出口废气和SCR装置降尘中二英(PCDD/Fs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)和多氯萘(PCNs)的全部异构体进行了分析.结果表明,SCR装置对总PCDD/Fs的脱除效率最高,为94.6%,对总PCBs和总PCNs的脱除率分别为74.7%和78.4%.SCR装置入口和出口废气中UP-POPs同系物的分布模式明显不同,入口处以高氯取代为主,出口处以低氯取代为主.SCR装置对高氯取代UP-POPs有更好的脱除效果.催化还原和催化氧化降解同时发生是SCR装置脱除废气中UP-POPs的重要机制. 相似文献
84.
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86.
Valéria F. Andrade Alisson F. S. Durães Douglas L. Cassimiro Gevany P. de Pinho 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(4):267-273
The current environmental legislations recommend monitoring chemical contaminants such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans before the use of sewage sludge on the agricultural land. In this study, a solid–liquid extraction with low-temperature purification (SLE-LTP) was optimized and validated to determine 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in sewage sludge and soil samples. The analyses were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry operating in the selective ion mode (GC-MS-SIM). Acetonitrile:ethyl acetate 6.5:1.5 (v/v) was the best extraction phase, and the recoveries percentages were close to 100%. The linearity was demonstrated in the range of 1.25–25 µg L?1 of 1.25–20 µg L?1 for sewage sludge and soil, respectively. Matrix effect was proved for the two compounds and in the two matrices studied. Extraction percentages were between 78 and 109% and relative standard deviations ≤ 19%. The proposed method is faster than methods described in the literature because showed a few steps. The quantification limits (LOQ) in sewage sludge were 6.4 and 32 ng TEQ kg?1 for 2,3,7,8-TCDF and 2,3,7,8-TCDD, respectively. In soil, LOQs were 0.8 and 8.0 ng TEQ kg?1 for 2,3,7,8-TCDF and 2,3,7,8-TCDD, respectively. These values are lower than the maximum residue limits established by European Legislation. The method was applied to 22 agricultural soil samples from different Brazilian cities and 2,3,7,8-TCDF was detected in one of these samples. 相似文献
87.
二英分子结构-水溶解度相关性密度泛函理论研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-311G**水平上,对多氯二苯并对二英(PCDDs)和多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)的电子结构进行了优化,相应量子化学参数,即平均分子极化率(α)、熵(S)、极化率和四极矩的张量分量(αxx、αyy、αzz和Qxx、Qyy、Qzz)等用于该类化合物水溶解度的定量结构-性质相关性(QSPR)研究;基于内部误差一致的实验值,成功建立了3个QSPRs,其决定系数分别为0 .977、0 .968和0 .961;交叉验证相关系数分别为0 .968、0 .959和0 .946.模型分析表明,水溶解度主要与分子体积有关,而分子间相互作用的影响较小;不同QSPRs预测值间的差异可能与模型中预测变量本身性质和可获取实验值的有限性有关.与新近发展的QSPR相比较,本研究模型性能均有提高,这可能与B3LYP/6-311G**精确计算电子性质和模型中引入四极矩张量分量有关. 相似文献
88.
The ambient air in vicinity of different industrial sources for PCDD/PCDFs was sampled by TSP/PM10 active samplers and
passive PUF disk samplers in Tangshan City, a metropolis containing clusters of various industrial plants. The TEQ concentrations
of PCDD/PCDFs ranged from 44.2 to 394.1 fg I-TEQ/m3 with an average of 169.9 fg I-TEQ/m3. 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF was the dominant
contributor to PTEQ, contributing 41% (12% to 55%), while 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF, OCDD and OCDF were the major congeners for
the total concentrations. The ratios of PPCDF/PPCDD reached 2.54 on average, suggesting that de novo synthesis in thermal processes
played an important role to the airborne pollution of PCDD/PCDFs. The similarities congener profiles indicated that TSP and PM10
active sampling methods are comparable for the determination of the PCDD/PCDFs in ambient air, and the ratios of concentrations
determined by the two methods suggested that the PCDD/PCDFs tended to stay in fine particles. It was found that 2,3,7,8-TCDF and
OCDD were the dominating congeners in the passive PUF disks samples. Through principal components analysis, the coke industry
was suggested to be a relatively high potential emission source for PCDD/PCDFs in the ambient air of Tangshan, which was possibly
formed by de novo synthesis mechanism. In this study, the atmospheric impacts to the environment from di erent industrial sources
could be ranked as follows (from high to low): coking, iron sintering, steel making, power generation and chlorinate alkali chemical
production industries. 相似文献
89.
Soxhlet extraction of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) from sediment was studied using a designed experimental set‐up. Three variables were studied: three solvent combinations n‐hexane/methanol, dichloromethane/acetone and toluene/methanol; two extraction times, 8 and 16 h, and addition of bulk substances (sodium carbonate). The extraction efficiency was almost identical in all extractions, with the exception of extraction where toluene/ methanol was combined with sodium carbonate. In these samples a major effect was observed, due to formation of Hx‐, Hp‐ and OCDD isomers. Composition of formed PCDD was similar to PCDD isomers found in pentachlorophenol products. 相似文献
90.