低温等离子体治理H2S污染的实验研究

低温等离子体技术是一种高效、快速的污染消除技术,国内外都在对其进行广泛而深入的研究.采用脉冲电晕放电等离子体对空气中的硫化氢进行降解研究,探索了、脉冲峰压、脉冲频率、气体流量以及气体初始浓度对净化效果的影响,气体浓度由气相色谱仪测定.结果表明,脉冲电晕放电可以有效消除硫化氢污染,净化率随脉冲峰压和脉冲频率的增加而提高,随气体初始浓度和流量的增加而下降,且在初始浓度360 mg/m3、流量1200 mL/min、脉冲峰压30 kV、脉冲频率80 Hz的条件下,处理后的气体中已检测不到H2S,根据色谱检测限(0.29 mg/m3)计算出的净化率≥99.92%.采用离子色谱对产物进行了定性分析,发现H2S经放电处理后主要产物为SO2和SO3.     

低温等离子体治理H2S污染的实验研究

低温等离子体技术是一种高效、快速的污染消除技术，国内外都在对其进行广泛而深入的研究。采用脉冲电晕放电等离子体对空气中的硫化氢进行降解研究，探索了、脉冲峰压、脉冲频率、气体流量以及气体初始浓度对净化效果的影响，气体浓度由气相色谱仪测定。结果表明，脉冲电晕放电可以有效消除硫化氢污染，净化率随脉冲峰压和脉冲频率的增加而提高，随气体初始浓度和流量的增加而下降，且在初始浓度360mg／m^2、流量1200mL／min、脉冲峰压30kV、脉冲频率80Hz的条件下，处理后的气体中已检测不到H2S，根据色谱检测限（0．29mg／m^3）计算出的净化率≥99．92％。采用离子色谱对产物进行了定性分析，发现H2S经放电处理后主要产物为SO2和SO3。     

线-板式介质阻挡放电反应器的优化

研制了一种新型线-板式介质阻挡放电反应器。通过分析V-Q Lissajous图,得出了反应器放电过程的特征,以乙烯的降解率为指标,优化了反应器的结构,并考察了工艺参数(相对湿度、乙烯初始浓度和停留时间)变化对反应器性能的影响。实验结果表明,反应器放电时,输入功率的增加不会使放电电压增大,增加的是放电电流;优化后的反应器以2.5mm厚的陶瓷板做阻挡介质,以间距为0.5 mm的钼丝做电晕极,放电间距3 mm;乙烯的降解效率受湿度的影响小于10%,随初始浓度的增加或停留时间的减小而降低;最佳的工艺参数为湿度24%(298 K)、初始浓度17 mg·m~(-3)、停留时间1 s。与传统的平行板式反应器相比,该反应器起晕电压较低、能量效率较高,适于降解低浓度的乙烯气体。     

高压脉冲电晕处理发动机尾气中的NO的实验研究

本文通过对高压脉冲电晕放电产生的等离子体活性物质对发动机尾气中的NO进行活化 ,研究其净化率与电压、频率、风速以及初始浓度的关系及其相互之间的影响 ,同时研究NO的产物NO2 随电压、频率、风速以及初始浓度的生成关系 ,实验表明 ,NO的净化率能够达到 5 0 %以上 ,在风速不大的条件下 ,NO转化的主要产物为NO2     

高压脉冲电晕处理发动机尾气中的NO的实验研究

本文通过对高压脉冲电晕放电产生的等离子体活性物质对发动机尾气中的NO进行活化，研究其净化率与电压、频率、风速以及初始浓度的关系及其相互之间的影响，同时研究NO的产物NO2随电压、频率、风速以及初始浓度的生成关系，实验表明，NO的净化率能够达到50％以上，在风速不大的条件下，NO转化的主要产物为NO2。     

高频脉冲介质阻挡放电去除水中17β-雌二醇

实验采用高频脉冲介质阻挡放电工艺处理水体中的17β-雌二醇（E2）。结果表明，该工艺可以有效地降解水中的E2，E2的降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型。当体系脉冲峰-峰电压为24kV，初始浓度为100μg／L的E2在超纯水中的降解一级反应速率常数为0．1314min^-1。E2的降解速率常数随脉冲峰-峰电压的增大而升高，随E2初始浓度和溶液初始pH增加而降低，溶液初始电导率对E2的降解影响不大。     

介质阻挡放电低温等离子体技术处理3种代表性VOC

采用介质阻挡放电低温等离子体技术处理苯、乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷,考察了反应器的结构、输出电压、初始浓度以及气速等条件对降解率和能量效率的影响。结果表明:3种VOC中,二氯甲烷最易被降解,乙酸乙酯次之,而苯的降解率最低;双介质阻挡放电反应器对VOC的处理效果优于单介质,在输出电压为15 kV的条件下,采用双介质反应器对VOC的降解率可达99%;输出电压越高,挥发性有机废气的降解率越高,在输出电压从15 kV(P=73.7 W)降低到10 kV(P=21 W),VOC的降解率从99%降低到6.6%;VOC浓度越高降解率越低,在VOC初始浓度从244 mg·m~(-3)升高到2 542 mg·m~(-3)时,降解率从96.9%降低到63.98%;气速直接关乎停留时间,停留时间延长,降解率提高,气速300 L·h~(-1)下降到100 L·h~(-1),降解率从78%提高到97%。     

双极性高压脉冲介质阻挡放电脱硝实验参数优化研究

为提高机动车尾气中NO_x的去除率,采用了介质阻挡放电对NO_x进行处理,研究了介质阻挡放电反应器在不同介质参数、放电参数和气体参数条件下对NO_x去除的影响,优化了双极性高压脉冲放电的反应参数。结果表明:当放电极为直径10mm的螺纹铜棒,介质管为内径16mm、介质厚度1.5mm的石英玻璃管,放电间隙为3mm,放电长度为28cm,放电频率为60Hz,O_2体积分数为6%,NO_x初始质量浓度为536mg/m~3,气体流量为1.1L/min,单向脉冲电压为12kV,C_2H_2与NOx质量浓度比为1.5时,NO转化率和NO_x去除率分别为64.56%和22.57%。     

单介质和双介质阻挡放电低温等离子体降解甲苯的比较

为研究介质阻挡放电(DBD)反应器结构对低温等离子体降解甲苯的影响,设计了具有单层介质和双层介质的DBD反应器。对2种反应器的放电特征、甲苯去除率、矿化率、CO_2选择性和能量效率进行了比较,并对施加电压和初始浓度对甲苯降解效果的影响进行了分析。结果表明:在相同电压下,双介质反应器(DDBD)具有更高的电场强度,而单介质反应器(SDBD)的输入功率更高;当甲苯浓度和电压分别为616、1 027、1 848 mg·m~(-3)和14～24 kV时,双介质中的甲苯去除率为9.4%～100%、7.4%～99%、5.1%～64%,单介质为67%～98%、46%～90%、26%～59%。这说明低电压下单介质反应器的甲苯去除率更高,而高电压下则相反,并且,浓度降低、电压升高有利于甲苯的降解。单介质反应器的能量效率随电压升高而降低,双介质反应器则先升高后下降,且双介质反应器的能量效率高于单介质反应器(16～24 kV)。以上研究可为介质阻挡放电在VOCs去除方面的应用提供参考。     

介质阻挡放电对湖泊水华蓝藻的去除

采用介质阻挡放电等离子体技术去除太湖水华蓝藻,考察了放电输出功率、空气流速、添加剂(异丙醇、腐植酸)等对蓝藻去除的影响。结果表明,介质阻挡放电能去除太湖水华蓝藻,放电功率100 W,空气流速1.0 L/min,放电18min,在光照强度2 000 lx和25℃下培养4 d,初始叶绿素a浓度为9.58 mg/L藻液中蓝藻去除率达87.8%。增加放电输出功率和空气流速能提高蓝藻的去除效率;腐植酸促进了介质阻挡放电对蓝藻的去除;而异丙醇添加剂抑制了介质阻挡放电的作用。放电处理后,蓝藻细胞内类胡萝卜素含量、SOD活性、MDA含量发生明显变化,介质阻挡放电破坏了蓝藻细胞内含物。     

Removal of gaseous elemental mercury by dielectric barrier discharge

The removal of elemental mercury (Hg(0)) with the reactive species produced from dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was studied. The effects of the operating parameters, such as the applied voltage, residence time, initial concentration and co-existence of other pollutants, were investigated. The removal of Hg(0) was significantly promoted by an increase in the applied voltage of the DBD reactor system. The presence of NO gas decreased the Hg(0) removal efficiency within the range of input powers tested compared to the case of Hg(0)-only due to the competition for ozone between Hg(0) and NO gas in the DBD reactor.     

Photolysis of low concentration H2S under UV/VUV irradiation emitted from microwave discharge electrodeless lamps

The photolysis of simulating low concentration of hydrogen sulfide malodorous gas was studied under UV irradiation emitted by self-made microwave discharge electrodeless lamps (i.e. microwave UV electrodeless mercury lamp (185/253.7 nm) and iodine lamp (178.3/180.1/183/184.4/187.6/206.2 nm)). Experiments results showed that the removal efficiency (eta H2S) of hydrogen sulfide was decreased with increasing initial H2S concentration and increased slightly with gas residence time; H2S removal efficiency was decreased dramatically with enlarged pipe diameter. Under the experimental conditions with pipe diameter of 36 mm, gas flow rate of 0.42 standard l s(-1), eta H2S was 52% with initial H2S concentration of 19.5 mg m(-3) by microwave mercury lamp, the absolute removal amount (ARA) was 4.30 microg s(-1), and energy yield (EY) was 77.3 mg kW h(-1); eta H2S was 56% with initial H2S concentration of 18.9 mg m(-3) by microwave iodine lamp, the ARA was 4.48 microg s(-1), and the EY was 80.5mg kW h(-1). The main photolysis product was confirmed to be SO4(2-) with IC.     

A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) method for removal of CS2 from gas streams at atmospheric pressure

A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) reactor that utilizes a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma and 207 nm UV radiation from discharge-driven KrBr^* excimers was designed and constructed. Gas streams containing CS₂ were treated with stand-alone DBD and CPP at atmospheric pressure. In comparison to DBD, CPP greatly enhanced the removal efficiency at the same applied voltage, waste gas concentration and gas residence time. Thus the applied voltage could be reduced to a certain extent in the plasma processing of industrial wastes. Influences of the KrBr^* radiation, inlet CS₂ concentration and gas residence time on CS₂ removal by CPP were also studied. In addition, the likely reaction mechanisms for the removal of CS₂ by CPP are suggested based on the byproducts analysis. The enhanced removal efficiency and reaction mechanisms implied that the CPP process would probably be suitable for the removal of a large number of gaseous pollutants.     

电极尺寸对介质阻挡放电冷等离子体去除NO的影响

设计了一套高压电源装置以及相应的同轴圆柱 筒介质阻挡放电管 ,研究了放电管中心电极直径以及介质层管内径变化对放电冷等离子体去除NO的影响。实验结果表明 ,这 2种电极尺寸的变化对NO去除率有显著的影响。中心电极直径的增加 ,有助于增强放电 ,但同时减小了反应空间 ;介质层管内径增加 ,延长停留时间的同时放电的强度却相应减弱了。所以中心电极的直径或介质层的内径均应有一最佳值 ,使得其他条件不变的情况下NO的去除效果最佳。     

电絮凝-气浮-砂滤组合工艺除氟

为了有效去除水中的氟离子,对电絮凝-气浮-砂滤组合工艺除氟(F-)离子进行了研究。详细考察了电压、电絮凝停留时间和初始F-离子浓度等参数对除F-离子效率的影响。结果表明:当初始F-离子浓度为1.50 mg/L,停留时间为10 min,电压为15 V条件下,出水F-离子浓度为0.92 mg/L;当初始F-离子浓度为2.5 mg/L,停留时间为15 min,电压15 V条件下,出水F-离子浓度为0.98 mg/L。用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法表征了电絮凝和气浮单元出水中铝形态随时间的变化。结果显示:电絮凝出水Ala含量随时间增加迅速降低到5%以下,电絮凝和气浮单元出水Alb含量均占到50%以上,Alc含量均随时间增加而增加。     

低温等离子体氧化水中难降解有机物研究

实验将介质阻挡放电与电晕放电组合在同一个反应器内,实验废水为直接大红染料溶液,将高压电极上通人50 Hz交流高压电,介质阻挡放电系统的电极间距为30 mm、电晕放电系统电极间距为25 mm、电源电压20 kV,利用常压空气中形成的雾化水电极介质阻挡放电/电晕放电低温等离子体及其活性基团作用于难降解有机物分子.实验分析了...     

Study on particulates and volatile organic compounds removal with TiO2 nonwoven filter prepared by electrospinning

In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and titania (TiO₂) Degussa P-25 were mixed to generate TiO₂ nonwoven filters using electrospinning. The wires of titanium dioxide and the nonwoven binding titania nanofibers were formed using 14 kV voltage and a distance of 15 cm. A single-factor experimental method was used to investigate the effects of parameters such as initial concentration, retention time, and light source on acetone removal by nonwoven binding titania nanofibers. Furthermore, the effects of parameters such as gas pressure, particle size, initial concentration, and retention time on the removal of particulates were also assessed. The results showed that the degradation efficiency increased with decreasing initial concentrations and increasing retention time. The best operational conditions during this study for the removal of acetone using the TiO₂ nonwoven filters were a retention time of 100 sec, initial acetone concentration of 250 ppm, and ultraviolet (UV) light source of 254 nm. Under those conditions, 99% acetone removal efficiency was obtained. In addition, 90% particulate matter removal efficiency was reached when the particulate size was greater than 200 nm and the reaction time was longer than 5 minutes. The prepared TiO₂/nanofiber has good performance for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate removal at the same time.

Implications: In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and titania (TiO₂) Degussa P-25 were mixed to generate TiO₂ nonwoven filters using electrospinning. The results showed that the optimum operating conditions for the removal of acetone using the TiO₂ nonwoven filters were a retention time of 100 sec, initial acetone concentration of 250 ppm, and UV light source of 254 nm. Under those conditions, 99% acetone removal efficiency was obtained.