砷暴露对小鼠葡萄糖稳态的影响

通过饮水亚砷酸钠(NaAsO_2)暴露,研究了砷对小鼠葡萄糖稳态的影响及相关作用机制.结果发现,C57BL/6小鼠经饮水暴露5、50mg·L~(-1)As 6个月,每月空腹血糖和1~4个月内葡萄糖耐量与对照组无明显变化.砷暴露5、6个月导致葡萄糖耐量受损且具有剂量和时间依赖性,与此同时,血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)活性在5 mg·L~(-1)As组无明显改变,但50 mg·L~(-1)As组显著高于对照组;苏木精和伊红(HE)染色观察到砷暴露组小鼠肝脏结构损伤,炎性细胞浸润.此外,砷暴露组肝脏中促炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)mRNA水平显著上升,胰岛素受体底物(IRS2)和葡萄糖转运蛋白(GLUT2)mRNA转录水平下降,高剂量砷组基因表达的增减幅度较大.研究结果表明,长期砷暴露会引发实验动物葡萄糖耐量受损、肝脏功能和结构损伤,葡萄糖耐量受损可能与砷暴露组胰岛素受体后信号转导障碍和肝脏葡萄糖转运异常有关.     

砷暴露诱导小鼠空肠结构损伤和免疫紊乱

以C57BL/6雄性小鼠为受试动物,研究慢性饮水型砷(As)暴露对肠道的损伤效应及作用机制.小鼠饮用含5 mg·L~(-1)或50 mg·L~(-1) As的亚砷酸钠(NaAsO_2)水溶液6个月后,检测空肠组织的氧化应激指标、病理学改变、免疫相关基因表达及黏膜杯状细胞数量.结果发现,As组小鼠空肠组织的超氧化物歧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力显著下降,脂质过氧化产物丙二醛含量显著升高;空肠黏膜受到侵蚀,上皮吸收细胞排列紊乱,部分肠绒毛脱落.氧化应激指标及病理学改变呈现剂量依赖性.5 mg·L~(-1) As组免疫相关基因TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5和IL-13的mRNA水平显著升高,黏膜杯状细胞数量显著增加;50 mg·L~(-1)As组TNF-α、IFN-γ和IL-4显著下调表达,IL-5和IL-13的表达水平及黏膜杯状细胞数量无显著变化.结果表明,慢性饮水型As暴露诱导小鼠空肠氧化损伤及组织结构改变的同时可能诱发了肠道免疫紊乱.As暴露引起的黏膜损伤可能与As诱导空肠的氧化损伤相关.     

PM2.5和SO2复合暴露对大鼠心脏病理学及炎症因子表达的影响

将雄性SD大鼠分为对照组、1.5 mg·kg~(-1)PM_(2.5)组、5.6 mg·m-3SO_2组及1.5、6、24 mg·kg~(-1)PM_(2.5)和5.6 mg·m-3SO_2联合作用组.采用HE染色法、荧光实时定量PCR和ELISA等方法测定各组大鼠心脏组织病理学变化和炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、i NOS基因表达及NO含量.结果表明,与对照组相比,SO_2(5.6 mg%m-3)或PM_(2.5)(1.5 mg·kg~(-1))单独作用没有引起明显的心肌细胞损伤,而PM_(2.5)和SO_2共同作用导致不同程度的心肌排列紊乱,细胞间隙增大及炎症细胞浸润和出血,比SO_2(5.6 mg%m-3)或PM_(2.5)(1.5 mg·kg~(-1))单独作用有严重的病理学损伤.1.5mg·kg~(-1)PM_(2.5)和SO_2引起4个基因表达和NO水平的变化与对照组相比没有统计学意义,而PM_(2.5)和SO_2联合处理引起大鼠心脏炎症因子表达水平比对照组显著增高,同时与SO_2组或PM_(2.5)组相比也有显著升高.提示在本实验条件下,相比于PM_(2.5)(1.5 mg·kg~(-1))和SO_2(5.6 mg·m-3)单独作用,二者复合暴露能引起心脏组织病理损伤和炎症因子高表达,这可能是PM_(2.5)和SO_2引发心脏疾病的重要机制.     

DINP皮肤暴露对小鼠过敏性皮肤炎症的佐剂作用

为了探究新型增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)对小鼠过敏性皮肤炎症的影响,采用皮肤染毒的暴露方式,56只SPF级雄性Balb/C小鼠随机平均分为7组处理40d.用0、1.4、14和140mg/kg DINP对小鼠进行皮肤染毒,并用抗氧化剂褪黑素设置2组来探究氧化应激的介导作用,以及1组生理盐水对照组.染毒结束后取耳组织测定耳肿指数和双耳重量差,并制作耳组织病理学切片,最后检测氧化应激指标.实验结果显示, 14和140mg/kg DINP皮肤暴露组的皮肤炎症有明显加剧(P<0.01),氧化应激指标也有明显变化(P <0.01).这表明,一定浓度的DINP,经较长时间的暴露,对小鼠过敏性皮肤炎症具有明显的佐剂作用.并且,随着DINP浓度升高,小鼠机体氧化应激过度活化,造成机体组织或细胞的氧化损伤,并加剧了炎症反应.     

邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯联合甲醛致小鼠学习记忆障碍的氧化损伤机制研究

为了探究邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯(Diisodecyl Phthalate,DIDP)、甲醛(Formaldehyde,FA)二者联合暴露致小鼠学习记忆障碍的氧化损伤机制,以及维生素E(Vitamin E,Vit E)对二者所致氧化损伤的保护作用,将80只SPF级3周龄雄性KM小鼠随机平均分为8组:(A)阴性对照组;(B)0.15 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)DIDP组;(C)1.5 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)DIDP组;(D)15 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)DIDP组;(E)150 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)DIDP组;(F) 1 mg·m~(-3)FA组;(G)1 mg·m~(-3)FA+15 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)DIDP组;(H)1 mg·m~(-3)FA+15 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)DIDP+100 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)Vit E组.连续染毒3周.于染毒第13 d开始进行水迷宫实验,末次给药后24 h内取小鼠脑组织制作切片和组织匀浆,检测脑组织匀浆中活性氧(ROS)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)的含量.结果表明,(A)组～(E)组小鼠脑海马组织氧化损伤逐渐加重,小鼠学习记忆能力逐渐下降;(G)组较(F)组小鼠脑海马组织氧化损伤加重,小鼠学习记忆能力下降;(H)组较(G)组小鼠脑海马组织氧化损伤减轻,小鼠学习记忆能力有所提高.研究显示,DIDP可通过氧化应激作用,引起脑海马组织损伤,导致小鼠学习记忆能力下降.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯诱导小鼠神经行为学改变及相关生理生化指标分析

探究邻苯二甲酸二丁酯诱导小鼠神经行为学改变及与细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK1/2)通路相关蛋白的关联.雄性KM小鼠36只,随机分成4组:生理盐水组、50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) DBP组、50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)维生素E(VE)组、DBP+VE组,连续灌胃处理28 d,观察Morris水迷宫结果,检测小鼠脑海马组织的氧化应激(活性氧(ROS)荧光强度、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)与丙二醛(MDA)含量)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、磷酸化cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(p-CREB)、caspase-3水平,Western blot分析ERK1/2及其磷酸化(p-ERK1/2)水平;HE、Nissl染色及Hoechst 33258荧光染色分析脑组织CA1区病理学变化.结果表明,与对照组比较,50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) DBP组小鼠的学习记忆下降,氧化应激、p-ERK1/2、caspase-3水平上升,BDNF、p-CREB表达下降,差异均有统计学意义(p0.05,p0.01);海马组织CA1病理学损伤及凋亡程度增加.给予抗氧化剂VE处理后,DBP+VE组小鼠的学习记忆上升,氧化应激、p-ERK1/2、caspase-3水平降低,BDNF、p-CREB表达上升,差异均有统计学意义(p0.05);海马组织CA1病理学损伤及凋亡程度降低.由此推测,DBP暴露导致小鼠海马组织CA1病理学损伤、神经元凋亡程度增加、学习记忆下降、其神经行为学改变可以通过添加VE得到缓解,相关生理生化指标测试表明ERK系统应激氧化性损伤机制参与介导了毒理学过程.     

纳米Al2O3经气道滴注致小鼠脏器损伤和炎症反应的研究

为探讨纳米氧化铝(nAl_2O_3)气道滴注对小鼠脏器的毒性作用,本研究将Balb/c小鼠随机分成6组:生理盐水组、50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) Vit E(维生素E)组、0.5 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) nAl_2O_3组、5 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) nAl_2O_3组、50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) nAl_2O_3组、nAl_2O_3 50+Vit E组(50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) nAl_2O_3+50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)Vit E).实验周期为21 d,气道滴注暴露,隔天滴注,维生素E灌胃阻断.染毒结束后,检测肺部、脾脏、肝脏和肾脏中活性氧(Reactive Oxide Species,ROS)和还原型谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)含量,并进行肺部病理学观察和肺泡灌洗液细胞计数.结果表明:与对照组相比,nAl_2O_3剂量为0.5 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)时,小鼠肺部ROS含量增加(p0.05),肝脏GSH含量下降(p0.05);nAl_2O_3剂量为5和50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)时,小鼠肺部、脾脏、肝脏和肾脏ROS含量均显著增加(p0.05),肺部和肝脏GSH含量均显著下降(p0.05);且小鼠肺部出现支气管壁增厚、气道腔皱缩、组织纤维化等气道重塑和嗜酸性粒细胞等炎症细胞浸润现象.而抗氧化剂维生素E的阻断显著降低了肝脏ROS含量,有效恢复了肺部GSH活性(p0.01),且缓解了肺部气道重塑和炎症细胞浸润现象(p0.05).研究表明,nAl_2O_3经气道滴注染毒后,不仅会对小鼠肺部造成损伤和炎症反应,同时也能够对脾脏、肝脏和肾脏造成氧化损伤.本研究可为纳米材料的安全性应用及其潜在危害的预防提供科学依据.     

邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯单独暴露及与褪黑素联合作用对小鼠脑组织损伤研究

人类神经系统成熟的海马神经元细胞不能进行复制与自我修复,导致了神经系统易受到环境污染物损伤的风险.邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(Diisonyl phthalate,DINP)是一种增塑剂替代产品,类雌激素作用较弱,正受到欧盟的推广使用.虽然目前已有一些研究表明了DINP的毒性,但有关其神经毒性的体内研究国内还较少.因此,本研究探讨了DINP单独暴露及与褪黑素联合作用对小鼠脑组织的影响.行为学分析显示,经灌胃200 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)的DINP会导致小鼠行为学出现明显变化;脑组织病理学观察、免疫组化分析(半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP))、氧化应激水平检测(活性氧簇(ROS)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OH-d G)、DNA-蛋白质交联(DPC))、炎症水平检测(肿瘤坏死因子ɑ(TNF-ɑ)、白介素1β(IL-1β))结果显示,小鼠脑组织海马区出现了病理学损伤,氧化应激和炎症水平上升(p0.01).DINP处理后予以50 mg·kg-1·d-1的褪黑素可以降低氧化应激水平,对小鼠脑组织海马区起到保护作用.以上数据表明,实验剂量(200 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))DINP处理后可以导致小鼠脑组织损伤,同时予以褪黑素可以在一定程度上缓解这种损伤.     

四环素和砷对斑马鱼的联合毒性及机制

选取斑马鱼为模式生物,研究TET（四环素）和As（砷）对斑马鱼的联合毒性.结果表明,50μg/L TET和100μg/L As的联合暴露显著增加斑马鱼体内氧化应激（GPx）、炎症因子（TNF-α）和凋亡因子（C-jun）相关基因表达,造成肠道和肝脏组织更严重的损伤.50μg/L TET和100μg/L As联合暴露呈现的协同毒性效应与P-gp基因被抑制介导的As在肠道和肝脏蓄积量[（704.15±24.50） ng/g和（458.35±24.25ng/g）]显著增加有关.此外,发现肠道的通透性及微生物群落结构的变化对TET和As协同毒性无明显影响.     

低浓度甲醛和PM2.5联合暴露对哮喘小鼠的影响

为探究低浓度甲醛（FA）单独及与PM_2.5联合暴露对哮喘小鼠的影响,选取70只雄性Balb/c小鼠,随机分为5组,分别为：对照组、卵清蛋白（OVA）组、FA+OVA组、PM_2.5+OVA组、FA+PM_2.5+OVA组,每组14只,其中6只进行气道高反应性（AHR）检测,其余8只用于检测血清T-IgE、肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中IFN-γ、IL-4以及肺组织中活性氧（ROS）、丙二醛（MDA）的含量,并对BALF中炎症细胞进行计数.同时对小鼠肺组织进行H&E染色以及p-p38MAPK和p-p65NF-κB免疫组化分析.结果显示,与OVA组相比,0.5mg/m³FA单独暴露组哮喘小鼠肺部MDA水平显著升高（P<0.001）,肺部炎症细胞呈现上升趋势（P>0.05）,0.5mg/m³FA和0.5mg/kg PM_2.5联合暴露组哮喘小鼠肺部炎症显著加重（P<0.05或P<0.01）,肺功能减弱（P<0.01）,肺部氧化应激水平以及p38MAPK和NF-κB的磷酸化水平均显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.001）,Th2型细胞因子释放显著增加（P<0.01）.因此,低浓度FA单独暴露会加重哮喘小鼠肺部损伤而非抑制,并且可进一步促进PM_2.5对哮喘小鼠肺部的损伤,即低浓度FA和PM_2.5联合暴露会对哮喘小鼠肺部造成严重损害,这可能与ROS介导的p38MAPK途径加剧Th1/Th2型免疫反应失衡有关.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.