“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游多维生态位及竞合发展策略研究

构建湛江、茂名、阳江3市和谐的滨海旅游竞合关系是粤西滨海旅游协同一体化高质量发展的重要内涵与实现途径。基于2012—2017年“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游相关统计数据,构建了滨海旅游生态位测评指标体系,运用旅游生态位理论模型综合测评了“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游生态位宽度、扩充度和重叠度,深入分析了“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游产业综合竞争力、竞争态势与竞争程度。结果发现:①“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游生态位宽度呈现“水平低、均衡化”的结构特征,3市滨海旅游产业综合竞争力与影响力弱,旅游综合竞争力从大到小的排序依次为湛江、茂名、阳江。②“湛茂阳”3市滨海旅游综合生态位扩充态势不明显,扩充度水平整体呈现均质化特征,局部存在一定程度的分异。③“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游生态位重叠度高,旅游竞争激烈,旅游协同合作发展水平与效应较低。最后,从区域滨海旅游生态位的协同、错位、扩充3个视角科学提出了“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游竞合发展策略。     

河南省综合自然景观旅游资源的区际比较研究

针对目前河南省综合自然景观旅游资源区域整体优劣定量评价不足的情况，选取了国家重点风景名胜区、国家水利风景区、国家自然保护区、国家森林公园和国家地质公园5类综合自然景观类旅游资源，采用绝对数量、地均数量、人均数量3种评价指标和定量分析方法，对河南省18个省辖市的综合自然景观旅游资源进行了比较，阐述了河南省综合自然景观旅游资源空间分布的基本状况和旅游资源的区域发展重点。     

基于动态因子分析的旅游竞争力研究——以珠江三角洲为例

采用动态因子分析方法,选取2008—2012年6项旅游指标,从纵向角度和横向角度对我国珠江三角洲进行综合评价,并对珠三角各市进一步地提升旅游竞争力进行了研究。结果表明:就纵向变化而言,珠三角的旅游竞争力整体呈上涨趋势;就横向比较而言,广州旅游竞争力居9市之首。     

安阳与周边城市旅游竞争力比较及其发展对策

通过建立旅游竞争力指标体系,并运用层次分析法(AHP)和特尔菲法定量对比分析了安阳与邻市的旅游竞争力.结果表明,安阳的旅游整体竞争力和城市旅游发展潜均居于首位,既具有一定的竞争实力,又具备成为区域性中心旅游强市的发展潜力;但安阳市的旅游现实竞争力比长治差,高于其他地市.在旅游环境支持力方面,在6个城市中排第四位,环境支持力度效果不佳.依据评价结果提出了提高安阳旅游竞争力对策,从而为其打造区域性中心旅游强市提供科学指导.     

江苏省旅游资源竞争力区际比较研究

从综合类、人文类、自然类3个旅游资源大类中分别选取世界遗产地、国家重点风景名胜区、中国优秀旅游城市、4A级旅游区、国家历史文化名城等11种旅游资源，采用绝对数量、人均密度、地均密度3种评价指标和位序得分法，对江苏省13个地级市的主要旅游资源进行了定量分析比较，得出13个地市旅游资源竞争力的强弱，并提出相关的旅游开发建议。     

旅游资源竞争力与旅游收入关系实证分析——以安徽省17地市为例

在构建旅游资源竞争力评价指标体系的基础上，运用位序得分法对安徽省17个地市的旅游资源竞争力进行了评价，同时借助两轴折线图、散点图及拟合曲线等工具对17个地市旅游资源竞争力与旅游收入关系进行了实证分析。结果表明，安徽省绝大多数地市旅游业发展仍依赖于旅游资源；少数地市旅游资源竞争力与旅游收入出现偏离，成为非旅游资源依赖性城市。从资源属性来看，综合类旅游资源与旅游收入的相关性最大，其次为自然类旅游资源，人文类的相关性最小。     

基于生态位的城市物流竞争力研究以环渤海经济圈为例

物流业发展极大地带动了区域经济发展。随着社会经济的进步,物流业将会在促进经济发展的过程中起到越来越重要的作用。通过生态位理论提出"物流生态位"的概念,运用主成分分析法、综合生态位、生态位宽度和生态位重叠模型,通过建立城市物流发展竞争力的生态位评价指标维度,对环渤海经济圈10个典型城市的物流发展的相互竞争力进行了实证研究。根据生态位扩充、生态位分离和生态位共生,提出各城市物流可持续发展的建议。     

城市旅游环境竞争力评价研究——以河南四大古都为例

以河南省四大古都为研究对象,选取4个一级指标,20个二级指标,采用2010年截面数据,运用层次分析法对城市旅游环境竞争力进行了定量研究.结果表明:①省会郑州旅游环境竞争力最强,洛阳、开封、安阳依次位列其后;②郑州市作为中原经济区中心城市和国家重要交通枢纽,积聚各种优势,但城市环境保护有待继续加强;③洛阳市各方面与郑州市不差上下,竞争力不可小觑;④开封市各子环境得分都较低,发展潜力未全部挖掘;⑤安阳市自然绿化环境相对较好,其他方面严重制约旅游环境竞争力.根据结果评价分析,提出相应提升对策,以期为河南省乃至中原经济区城市旅游环境的优化建设提供参考借鉴.     

河南举办“环境保护与生态文明建设论坛”

9月18日，由河南省环保局、省电力公司联合举办的“环境保护与生态文明建设论坛”在郑州圆满落下帷幕。张大卫副省长出席论坛并代表省政府首先致辞，从生态文明与文化、生态文明与责任、生态文明与境界三个方面介绍了河南省建设生态文明和环境保护工作的有关情况。     

非物质文化遗产的空间分布及旅游响应分析——以河南省为例

空间分布分析有助于深入地把握非物质文化遗产的赋存特征。在详细分析河南省18个地级市非物质文化遗产数量和类型的空间分布特征后,进一步分析了河南省非物质文化遗产空间分布特征与旅游发展之间的关联性。在此基础之上,针对跨区域非物质文化遗产项目的开发问题、开发时非物质文化遗产项目的选择问题、开发时非物质文化遗产原真性维护等问题提出了河南省非物质文化遗产旅游开发的思路和注意事项。     

Projected Changes in Discharge in an Agricultural Watershed in Iowa

Our improved capability to adapt to the future changes in discharge is linked to our capability to predict the magnitude or at least the direction of these changes. For the agricultural United States Midwest, too much or too little water has severe socioeconomic impacts. Here, we focus on the Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, and use a statistical approach to examine projected changes in discharge. We build on statistical models using rainfall and harvested corn and soybean acreage to explain the observed discharge variability. We then use projections of these two predictors to examine the projected discharge response. Results are based on seven global climate models part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). There is not a strong signal of change in the discharge projections under the RCP 4.5. However, the results for the RCP 8.5 point to a stronger changing signal related to larger projected increases in rainfall, resulting in increased trends, in particular, in the upper part of the discharge distribution (i.e., 60th percentile and above). Examination of two hypothetical agricultural scenarios indicates that these increasing trends could be alleviated by decreasing the extent of the agricultural production. We also discuss how the methodology presented in this study represents a viable approach to move forward with the concept of return period for engineering design and management in a nonstationary world.     

Investment in human capital in Africa

Summary The author analyses the problems currently faced by the African continent, recognises six factors which he believes are important in influencing the analysis, and argues that the only secure, renewable asset any country or continent has, is its people. He maintains that people development, rather than the classical economic forms of encouraging development, offers Africa a viable way forward. He then identifies a number of specific issues within such a strategy of investment in human capital.Brian Walker is the President of the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), and this address was given at the inaugural meeting of the International Year of Shelter for the Homeless, in London, on 18th April, 1985. A second, earlier, associated address was published inThe Environmentalist 5(3) 167–170.     

Pesticides in rain in four agricultural watersheds in the United States

Rainfall samples were collected during the 2003 and 2004 growing seasons at four agricultural locales across the USA in Maryland, Indiana, Nebraska, and California. The samples were analyzed for 21 insecticides, 18 herbicides, three fungicides, and 40 pesticide degradates. Data from all sites combined show that 7 of the 10 most frequently detected pesticides were herbicides, with atrazine (70%) and metolachlor (83%) detected at every site. Dacthal, acetochlor, simazine, alachlor, and pendimethalin were detected in more than 50% of the samples. Chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and diazinon were the only insecticides among the 10 most frequently detected compounds. Of the remaining pesticide parent compounds, 18 were detected in fewer than 30% of the samples, and 13 were not detected. The most frequently detected degradates were deethylatrazine; the oxygen analogs (OAs) of the organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion; and 1-napthol (degradate of carbaryl). Deethylatrazine was detected in nearly 70% of the samples collected in Maryland, Indiana, and Nebraska but was detected only once in California. The OAs of chlorpyrifos and diazinon were detected primarily in California. Degradates of the acetanilide herbicides were rarely detected in rain, indicating that they are not formed in the atmosphere or readily volatilized from soils. Herbicides accounted for 91 to 98% of the total pesticide mass deposited by rain except in California, where insecticides accounted for 61% in 2004. The mass of pesticides deposited by rainfall was estimated to be less than 2% of the total applied in these agricultural areas.     

Environmental assessment in countries in transition: evolution in a changing context

Over the last fifteen years, Environmental Assessment systems of transitional societies of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia have undergone dramatic change from appraisals integrated into centrally planned economies to formal procedures aimed to ensure interdisciplinary analysis of environmental impacts and linked to publicly accountable decision-making. In most Central European nations, EA systems have been radically reformed to approximate the procedures used in developed countries, particularly in the European Union. In contrast, EA in most of the former Soviet republics has been reformed more gradually and is still based on the so-called State Environmental Review procedure inherited from the USSR and substantially different from 'Western' EA. About one-third of the transitional countries (in the Balkans, the Caucasus and Central Asia) have, so far, failed to establish functioning EA systems. Throughout the region, there has been a gap between EA legislation and practice, especially concerning interdisciplinary analysis of environmental impacts, public participation, and utilisation of EA findings in decision-making. A key driving force in the reform of EA systems has been the change in their societal context, the so-called 'process of transition'. Three main policy agendas--environmental protection, reforms of decision-making, and conforming to international requirements--along with the institutional context of EA regulations and practice have influenced both the change of EA systems over time and the regional variations in the patterns of their evolution. This study suggests that an effective reform of an EA system should be context-sensitive, or be 'in gear' with the political and economic transition. Future EA research should consider their changing societal contexts and focused on practical effects of applying EA procedures.     

Community-company relations in gold mining in Ghana

As a result of Structural Adjustment Programme from the 1980s, many developing countries have experienced an increase in resource extraction activities by international and transnational corporations. The work reported here examines the perceived impacts of gold mining at the community level in the Wassa West District of Ghana, Africa and discusses those perceived impacts in the context of globalization processes and growing multinational corporate interest in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Interview data compared community members' perceptions with those of company representatives in three communities. The results indicate that communities held companies responsible for a series of economic, social, and environmental changes. While recognizing some of the benefits brought by the mines, communities felt that the companies did not live up to their responsibility to support local development. Companies responded by denying, dismissing concerns, or shifting blame. Findings from this work show that lack of engagement and action by government agencies at all levels resulted in companies acting in a surrogate governmental capacity. In such situations, managing expectations is key to community-company relations.     

电催化氧化处理难降解废水技术研究进展

电催化氧化处理难降解废水技术已得到了广泛关注.本文从电极材料与应用,电极结构及反应器形状,以及与其它处理方法联用等综述了最新研究进展,并在此基础上总结出了电催化氧化技术今后的发展方向.     

Private participation in isolated grids in Mozambique

This article presents a case study from Mozambique of the electrification of two selected towns under a World Bank financed project. Low-cost electricity services were extended to the two isolated areas after an enabling framework had been created for private sector participation. The World Bank project also demonstrates that the private sector can be attracted to participate in rural electrification schemes even in a poor country. The example shown in this article is one of the few of its kind in SubSaharan Africa.     

我国城市生态评价研究进展

城市建设带来了越来越多的生态环境问题，生态城市建设是解决这些问题的良好途径。生态城市的建设要有一定的评价体系作为支撑，本文综述了国内基于AHP方法建立的应用较为广泛的城市生态评价体系和方法，并对国内城市生态评价的现状做了分析。     

Water management problems in economies in transition

Ambitious programmes of reform in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) are threatened by a serious deterioration of the environment. Large-scale damage of the natural environment in many forms, including water pollution has created development barriers which adversely affect the living conditions of current and future generations. Despite similar patterns of environmental policy in the CEE countries compared with their Western counterparts, neither environmental legislation nor economic incentives have produced any significant improvement in water quality over the last 10–20 years. For that very reason in the transition period, it is necessary to identify existing deficiencies in the system and to build up a mixed system of new institutions of water management, more realistic legislation with a strong enforcement system, and market based incentives for water conservation and protection against pollution.